Foot-and-Mouth Disease Hazard Specific Plan

October 2007

* Note: This version is updated from the February 2006 version for zone terminology only. Further scientific updating is under way.

Terrestrial Animal Health Division / Office of Emergency Management

Table of Contents

1. About this Document

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Objectives
• 1.3 Audience
• 1.4 Related Documents
• 1.5 Amendments and Revisions
• 1.6 Acknowledgments

2. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Overview

• 2.1 Etiology
• 2.2 Susceptible Species
• 2.3 Global Distribution
• 2.4 Epidemiology
  • 2.4.1 Incubation Period
  • 2.4.2 Persistence in the Environment
  • 2.4.3 Persistent Carriers
  • 2.4.4 Modes of Introduction and Transmission
• 2.5 Pathogenesis
• 2.6 Diagnosis
  • 2.6.1 Clinical Signs
  • 2.6.2 Aging of Lesions
  • 2.6.3 Mortality/Morbidity
  • 2.6.4 Laboratory Diagnosis
  • 2.6.5 Differential Diagnosis
• 2.7 Natural Resistance and Immunity
  • 2.7.1 Innate and Passive Immunity
  • 2.7.2 Active Immunity
  • 2.7.3 Vaccination
• 2.8 Public Health
• 2.9 Bio-Security

3. Authorities and Principles of Control

• 3.1 Statutory Authority
• 3.2 Policy Statement
• 3.3 Principles of Control and Eradication
  • 3.3.1 Stamping Out
  • 3.3.2 Quarantine and Movement Controls
  • 3.3.3 Pre-emptive Slaughter
  • 3.3.4 Tracing and Surveillance
  • 3.3.5 Vaccination
  • 3.3.6 Treatment of Animal Products and By-Products
  • 3.3.7 Decontamination
  • 3.3.8 Wildlife and Vector Control
  • 3.3.9 Zoning/Regionalization
• 3.4 Case Definition
• 3.5 Emergency Response Organization

4. Individual Premises Activities

• 4.1 Investigation
  • 4.1.1 Reporting
  • 4.1.2 Specimen Collection
  • 4.1.3 Shipping Specimens to NC-FAD
• 4.2 Premises Control
  • 4.2.1 Declaration of Infected Place on Suspicion of FMD
  • 4.2.2 Confidentiality of FMD Submission and Confirmation of FMD
  • 4.2.3 Declaration of Infected Place on Confirmation of FMD
  • 4.2.4 Restrictions at the Declared Infected Place
  • 4.2.5 Action in the Vicinity of an Infected Place
• 4.3 Tracing on Positive FMD Infected Places
  • 4.3.1 Critical Period
  • 4.3.2 Traceout Investigations
  • 4.3.3 Trace-in Investigations
  • 4.3.4 Tracings to Special Premises
• 4.4 Eradication Activities at Positive FMD Infected Places
  • 4.4.1 Evaluation
  • 4.4.2 Slaughter of Susceptible Species
  • 4.4.3 Disposal of Susceptible Carcasses, Products and By-products
    • Disposal On the Premises
    • Disposal Off the Premises
  • 4.4.4 Removal of Non-susceptible Animals, Eggs and Poultry
  • 4.4.5 Removal of Crops
• 4.5 Vector Control
• 4.6 Wildlife Control
• 4.7 Decotamination
  • 4.7.1 Principles
  • 4.7.2 Premises
  • 4.7.3 Carcasses
  • 4.7.4 Equipment
  • 4.7.5 Milking Equipment and Pipelines
• 4.8 Re-stocking and release of Infected Place Declaration
  • 4.8.1 Approved Sources of Livestock
  • 4.8.2 Release of Infected Place Declaration with Restocking
  • 4.8.3 Approval of C&D without Restocking

5. Control Area Activities

• 5.1 Emergency Response Structure
• 5.2 Control Area Declaration
  • 5.2.1 Livestock Standstill (Control Area or National)
• 5.3 Zones Within the Control Area
  • 5.3.1 OIE and EU Principles
  • 5.3.2 Establishment of Zones
  • 5.3.3 Perimeter Control
• 5.4 Public Notification
• 5.5 Outbreak Surveillance
  • 5.5.1 AERT Surveillance Personnel
  • 5.5.2 Outbreak Surveillance in the Infected Zone
  • 5.5.3 Outbreak Surveillance in the Restricted Zone
  • 5.5.4 Outbreak Surveillance in the Vaccination Zone
  • 5.5.5 Outbreak Surveillance in the Security and FMD-Free Zones
  • 5.5.6 Clean and Dirty Surveillance Personnel
• 5.6 Movement Restrictions within the Control Area
  • 5.6.1 AERT Movement Control Personnel
  • 5.6.2 Animals
  • 5.6.3 People and Vehicles
  • 5.6.4 Animal Service Inductries
  • 5.6.5 Abattoirs and Animal Products, Animal By-products and Milk
  • 5.6.6 Germplasm
  • 5.6.7 Animal By-products and Residues
  • 5.6.8 Feed and Equipment
  • 5.6.9 Special Premises
  • 5.6.10 Transportation through the Control Area
  • 5.6.11 Wildlife
  • 5.6.12 Human Traffic
• 5.7 Vaccination
  • 5.7.1 North American FMD Vaccine Bank
  • 5.7.2 Office International des Épizooties Standards
  • 5.7.3 Domestic Considerations
  • 5.7.4 Vaccine Decision-making Process
  • 5.7.5 NAFMDVB Mobilization
  • 5.7.6 Vaccine Distribution within Canada
  • 5.7.7 Vaccine Administration
  • 5.7.8 Vaccinate Records
  • 5.7.9 Movement Restrictions in Vaccination Zone
    • Animals
    • People and Vehicles
    • Animal Service Industries
    • Abattoirs and Animal Products Including Milk
    • Germplasm
    • Animal By-products
    • Feed and Equipment
    • Special Premises
    • Transportation
    • Wildlife
  • 5.7.10 Cessation of Vaccination

6. Proof of Freedom Procedures

• 6.1 Criteria for Proof of Freedom
• 6.2 Serological Surveillance
  • 6.2.1 Within the Infected Zone
  • 6.2.2 Within the Restricted Zone
• 6.3 Release of Control Area Restrictions
• 6.4 Disposition of Vaccinates
• 6.5 Country Freedom Declaration

Appendices

• Glossary and Acronyms
• References
• Appendix 1: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory Diagnosis
• Appendix 2: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Disinfectants
• Appendix 3: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Inactivation Procedures
• Appendix 4: Summary FMD Movement Control
• Appendix 5: Epidemiological Sampling of Herds/Flocks Undergoing Depopulation
• Appendix 6: Surveillance Sampling Protocol for the Control Area and the Disease-Free Zone

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