Chapter 19 – Poultry Inspection Programs

19.6 Post Mortem Inspection/Examination

19.6.2 Modernized Poultry Inspection Program (MPIP)

19.6.2.4 Defect Detection

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19.6.2.4.3 Cavity and Viscera Defect Detection After Evisceration5

Depending on the speed of the evisceration lines, cavity and viscera defect detection may be performed:

• on a unit-by-unit basis where each defect detector examines the cavity and the viscera of the carcasses presented for examination; or
• on a sequential basis, where all the cavities are examined by specific cavity detectors and all the viscera are examined by a separate viscera defect detector.

The operator may position the viscera defect detector(s) either before or after the cavity defect detectors. However, viscera sets must be presented with their corresponding carcasses throughout the viscera defect detection and the Defect Detection Standards (DDS) testing zones.

The cavity defect detectors shall be positioned before cavities are vacuumed and prior to the internal/external carcass washer unless the operator uses an approved on-line reprocessing and reconditioning process, as explained in this chapter.

Detailed procedures for defect detection, i.e., body position and eye movement sequence, must be established by the operator of each establishment based on the type of equipment used and the layout of the defect detection stations.

All identified carcasses must be either immediately removed or be signalled for removal from the line by a helper/trimmer. The defective carcasses shall be removed with the corresponding viscera in order to maintain their corresponding identity for disposition.

The operator may evaluate the need for an optional detector's helper that removes carcasses signalled by the detectors. The use of a detector's helper should be based on the following:

• ante mortem information;
• the grower's profile; and
• the quality of the incoming lot.

Industry cavity and viscera defect detectors must be empowered to take immediate action whenever they notice a potential loss of control.

19.6.2.4.3.1 Viscera Defect Detection

In descending order, the viscera detector's priorities are to:

• examine each viscera for defects*;
• signal carcasses for removal according to agreed codes (if applicable);
• signal the presence of obviously condemnable carcasses that should have been removed from the line prior to evisceration; and
• in some cases, and under the Veterinarian in Charge's discretion, remove defective carcasses and/or viscera from the line if there is no helper/trimmer.

* Note: For fowl, palpate the duodenum and/or perform other procedures which are effective for detecting all carcasses with Adenocarcinoma.

Contamination on the viscera and pathological conditions only affecting the viscera (not affecting the carcass) are not to be counted as a defect if the operator is either not harvesting edible viscera or if an effective program is included within a HACCP system which ensures that affected viscera are not harvested as edible. The Veterinarian in Charge or Evisceration Floor Inspector shall ensure that viscera harvesting operations are appropriately conducted in accordance with the operator's HACCP system.

19.6.2.4.3.1.1 List of Viscera Defects

Viscera Defects	Chicken	Fowl	Turkey	Quail
Adenocarcinoma		X
Airsacculitis	X	X	X	X
Contamination: (faecal, bile, ingesta, extraneous material)	X	X	X	X
Emaciation (heart, gizzard)	X	X	X	X
Hepatitis	X	X	X	X
Lymphoid Leukosis		X
Visceral Marek's Disease	X	X
Peritonitis	X	X	X	X
Septicaemia/Toxaemia	X	X	X	X
Other conditions, e.g., Osteomyelitis, Tumors	X	X	X	X

19.6.2.4.3.1.2 Definitions of Viscera Defects

Adenocarcinoma:
Whitish to yellow malignant nodules/tumours usually 3 mm to 5 mm and frequently present in the duodenal loop of the small intestine. Size varies and distribution can extend throughout the mesentery and peritoneum sometimes invading the ovary. All carcasses exhibiting such lesions must be removed from the evisceration line.

Airsacculitis:
Remove the carcass and corresponding viscera if there is evidence of caseous material covering the pericardial sac (the surface of the heart has white or yellow material) or if the pericardial liquid contains caseous material. Do not remove the carcass or viscera if there are minor white spots on the heart or minor adhesions on the envelope of the heart.

For turkey, the carcass and corresponding viscera are removed if there is evidence of caseous material covering the pericardial sac and in the airsacs. Only the affected viscera are removed if no material is found in the airsacs.

Contamination:
Contamination of the edible portion of the viscera may come from different sources:

• Faecal contamination – Any visible material determined to be from the lower gastrointestinal tract.
• Ingesta – The undigested contents of the crop, gizzard or proventriculus. Remove viscera with liquid or dry ingesta content. Dry and localized ingesta covering an area of a dime or less or a few isolated grains will not be considered as a defect.
• Extraneous material – Grease stains or other foreign material on the viscera.

Emaciation:
Extremely thin carcasses in poor conditions. The remaining fat, on the heart and gizzard, is in a moist, pinkish, sticky and jelly-like consistency.

Hepatitis:
Carcass and viscera are to be removed if the liver exhibits multiple visible white/yellow or green-black spots of any size or shape. In turkey, only the liver is to be removed.

The liver only is to be removed if it is green and enlarged and firm (hard), or if the liver displays multiple pinpoint red spots, or if the liver displays evident signs of ascites (bosselated, cobblestone) with or without pinpoint red spots (petechial haemorrhages).

Note: Carcass and viscera are to be passed if the liver has a normal size, sharp edges, (regardless of the colour of the liver), or if the liver exhibits signs of a fatty liver (light brown, yellowish) even though they are enlarged.

Marek's Disease (Visceral Marek's):
If visceral tumours (white nodules) are present, the carcass is to be removed from the line.

Peritonitis:
Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal viscera often seen with red tags, as a whitish to yellow, opaque, cheesy exudates, and with an off odour.

Septicaemia or Toxaemia:
These are the acute conditions which may present various signs, i.e., haemorrhages on single or multiples organs and in the cavity, congestion of various organs. In those cases, the CFIA VIC should be consulted to identify the cause of the identified lesions.

Note: In Canada, Septicaemia or Toxaemia can only be confirmed through lab analysis.

Tumors (Leiomyoma and Hemangioma):
The benign growth found in the meso-salpinx (membrane enveloping the oviduct) is very common and is not considered malignant. Carcasses with tumours such as Leiomyoma and Hemangioma must be left on the evisceration line. However, the viscera must be removed and discarded.

19.6.2.4.3.2 Cavity Defect Detection

The cavity defect detector is not required to remove carcasses signalled for removal. If they are properly identified, these carcasses may be removed later by the helper/trimmer or by other on-line employees.

In descending order, the cavity detector's priorities are to:

• examine each cavity and abdominal opening for defects (e.g., Faecal Contamination, Peri-Cloacal Cellulitis);
• signal carcasses with specified defects for removal or trimming according to agreed codes (if applicable);
• if applicable, function as presenters (if the operator elects to combine presentation and cavity detection duties) to permit examination of the entire cavity in establishments with eviscerator(s) which do not separate the viscera from the carcass (if applicable); and
• signal the presence of obviously condemnable carcasses that should have been removed from the line prior to evisceration.

 

Internal Cavity Defects	Chicken	Fowl	Turkey	Quail
Airsacculitis	X	X	X	X
Contamination (Faecal, Bile, Ingesta, Extraneous Material, Intestine/Cloaca)	X	X	X	X
Peri-Cloacal Cellulitis	X		X	X
Salpingitis	X	X	X	X
Other Conditions (e.g., Odour, Tumours, Granuloma in Quail)	X	X	X	X

19.6.2.4.3.2.1 Definition of Cavity Defects

Airsacculitis:
All carcasses with liquid or solid material in the air sacs or in the lungs, left inside the cavity, measuring greater than 3 mm (5 mm for turkey) are to be removed. Carcasses with lesions that are very well capsulated by a very thick membrane of the air sacs must also be identified.

Cellulitis (Peri-Cloacal):
Thickened, yellow coloured skin. Remove carcasses with cellulitis lesions on the peri-cloacal area.

Contamination:
Contamination of the carcass cavity and/or viscera may come from different sources:

• Faecal contamination: Any visible material determined to be from the lower gastrointestinal tract within the abdominal cavity.
• Ingesta: The undigested contents of the crop, gizzard or proventriculus (liquid or solid) which have contaminated the carcass cavity. Dry and localized ingesta covering an area of a dime or less or a few isolated grains will not be considered as a defect if the operator is not performing on-line reprocessing.
• Bile Contamination: Bile stains causing a discolouration of affected tissue.
• Extraneous material: Grease stains or other foreign material within the abdominal cavity.
• Intestine/Cloaca: Refers to a length of intestine/cloaca attached to the carcass or inside the cavity and is associated with evisceration lines equipped with a new technology system. The cause is improperly adjusted equipment; the length of intestine/cloaca still attached to the carcass or inside the cavity will contaminate the internal cavity with faeces or, if it enters the giblet harvesting process, it will spread faecal contamination onto both equipment and product.

Salpingitis:
This is an infection of the oviduct or salpinx, the reproductive organ of pullets. It is characterized by the presence of liquid or solid material, which is usually yellowish in colour. Very often the tissues surrounding the salpinx become viscous. All viscera exhibiting such lesions must be removed from the evisceration line. Any presence of solid or liquid material within the salpinx observed during examination must be recorded as a defect.

Tumours:
Any enlarged abnormal irregular mass of tissue in the internal cavity.

In Quails, yellowish granules of various sizes (1 mm to 15 mm) located in the air sacs or attached to abdominal cavity (Granuloma).

19.6.2.4.4 Hanging Back and Sorting Carcasses

Carcasses removed from any point along the evisceration line must be submitted to a post mortem examination (defect detection) unless they are rejected by the operator.

Such carcasses shall be examined off-line and sorted into four categories by an accredited defect detector, and are to be handled as follows:

• normal carcasses – returned to the evisceration line;
• carcasses with localized pathology – send for off-line salvaging, trimming or reconditioning or for on-line reconditioning;
• carcasses with processing defects – send for off-line reprocessing or salvage or for on-line reprocessing; and
• carcasses suspected of having generalized pathology diseases or conditions – send for detailed veterinary inspection or examination by a rejecter under the rejection process.

Note: Carcasses removed from the evisceration line for suspected generalized pathology shall be sent to the rejecter or veterinarian.

For products eligible for export to the United States, refer to the procedure concerning carcasses removed from the evisceration line outlined in Chapter 11, "Exports".

19.6.2.4.5 Monitoring Activities by the Operator

The carcass, cavity and viscera defect detection and removal process shall be monitored by the operator on a regular basis by using the Defect Detection Standards (DDS) as described under section 19.6.2.5 of this chapter. If defective carcasses are missed at preselection or at post-evisceration, corrective measures shall be initiated as per the DDS.

Monitoring test results should be periodically, or upon request, be correlated with the CFIA.

19.6.2.5 Defect Detection Standards (DDS)

DDS are used as a Process Control (PC) to contribute to the effectiveness of the related CCP(s) and post mortem examination activities.

DDS are designed to encompass defects affecting the carcass exterior, cavity and viscera. A separate AQL is assigned to carcass defects, to cavity defects and to viscera defects. All three (3) AQLs, including a zero tolerance for septicaemia/toxaemia apply to abattoirs operating under the MPIP. However, for operators phasing out CPIP, the viscera defects and the corresponding AQL for viscera defects do not apply until the operator commences Phase 3 of implementing the MPIP.

19.6.2.5.1 Sampling for Carcasses Using Sampling Plans Indexed by AQL

The defect detection process monitoring is performed using an acceptance sampling plan, the ISO 2859-1 sampling plan.

• The acceptance quality level (AQL) is the maximum percent defective (or the maximum number of defects per 100 units) that, for the purposes of sampling inspection, can be considered satisfactory as a process average (ISO 2859-1:1999).
• The acceptance number (Ac) is the largest number of defects permitted in a sample in order that the lot be accepted for a specific acceptance quality limit.
• A lot is the equivalent of one hour of production volume per evisceration line per shift.
• Sampling time to be randomly selected for each hour of production.
• A nonconformity is a poultry carcass with one or more processing or pathological defects as defined in this section. A defective carcass is a carcass with a defect that cannot be corrected on the evisceration line, i.e., a carcass requiring disposition and with extensive processing defects.
• Other carcasses with defects that are not considered as nonconforming items under the present system are referred to as carcasses with on-line trimmable defects.
• Once the MPIP Phase 3 commences, the switching rules shall be utilized as per the "DDS Decision Tree".

19.6.2.5.2 Elements of Defect Detection Standards (DDS)

The DDS monitoring tool has three general components:

• Process evaluation;
• Corrective measure(s) evaluation; and
• Post chill production verification.

The process evaluation monitors the removal of defective carcasses as described in this standard. It is performed at a consistent frequency on successive lots. It determines if the process meets the standards on an on-going basis.

The corrective measure(s) evaluation is an assessment of the adequacy of corrective measures that have been implemented following a rejected sample. It determines when the process meets the standards on an on-going basis.

The post chill product verification is to be used to insure that potentially defective product of rejected lots meet the standard or should be held for rework.

DDS have been established in two (2) versions. The difference between the versions is the addition or exclusion of the internal cavity defects evaluation.

• "Version 1" applies to an operator that does not use an approved on-line reprocessing and reconditioning process (or during validation). The monitoring defects have been divided into three (3) groups: carcass defect group, viscera defect group and cavity defect group (including Septicaemia /Toxaemia).
• "Version 2" applies to an operator that does use an approved on-line reprocessing and reconditioning process (or during validation). Under this version, the cavity defects are removed such that two (2) defect groups are to be evaluated: carcass defect group and viscera defect group (including Septicaemia/Toxaemia).

19.6.2.5.2.1 Position for the On-line Monitoring DDS Station

• downstream from the team of establishment carcass/viscera/cavity detectors (under version 2, cavity detectors may be positioned after the DDS station); and
• before or after the helper/trimmer; and
• before viscera is harvested (or discarded) or the carcass is trimmed (other than by the helper/trimmer) and before the internal cavity is vacuumed.

19.6.2.5.2.2 Facility Requirements for On-line Monitoring Station

Refer to the "Plant Construction and Equipment" section of this chapter.

19.6.2.5.2.3 Testing Frequency and Sample Size

The DDS monitoring tests are based on a lot-by-lot evaluation determined to be an hour's production. Therefore, accredited plant employees shall conduct scheduled randomized tests, once every hour of production, on a specified number of carcasses and corresponding viscera at the on-line station. Times for the tests shall be randomly selected prior to the start of the shift. The process evaluation shall always remain on a production lot of an hour.

DDS Testing Frequency and Sample Size

Lot Size	Process Evaluation	Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation	Post-chill Product Verification
(1 hour/lot) < 5,000 cph*	32 Carcasses (every hour)	32 Carcasses (within 10 minutes)**	32 Carcasses (every 15 minutes)
(1 hour/lot) ≥ 5,001 cph*	125 Carcasses (every hour)	125 Carcasses (within 10 minutes)**	32 Carcasses (every 15 minutes)

* cph = carcasses per hour
** Approximate delay required in order to evaluate the effect of the corrective measures at the DDS station.

19.6.2.5.2.4 National Survey: Prevalence of Missed Defects in Passed Carcasses

Data collected during a national survey of chicken, turkey, fowl and quail abattoirs was updated based on data collected from abattoirs operating under MPIP.

19.6.2.5.2.5 National AQLs and Monitoring Defects Lists

The National AQLs were determined based on prevalence data resulting from national surveys in slaughtering establishments.

AQL - Process Evaluation Under DDS

Defect Groups	Chicken	Fowl	Turkey	Quail
Carcass Defects Group	0.4%	0.4%	0.4%	0.4%
Viscera Defects Group	0.4%	0.4%	0.4%	0.4%
Cavity Defects Group	1.5%	1.5%	1.5%	1.5%

Note: There is a "zero" tolerance for the Septicaemia/Toxaemia defect in the Carcass and Viscera Defect Groups.

The following defects shall be counted during defect detection monitoring. A carcass showing multiple defects shall be scored as one defective carcass. These defects are described previously in this section.

Carcass Defect Group (Versions 1 and 2)	Chicken	Fowl	Turkey	Quail
Ascites	X		X	X
Cellulitis NTOL and Peri-Cloacal*	X	X	X	X
Dark Coloured Carcass	X	X	X	X
Emaciation	X	X	X	X
Inadequate Bleeding	X	X	X	X
Pendulous Crop (with emaciation)	X		X	X
Septicaemia / Toxaemia	X	X	X	X
Sternal Bursitis / Infected Breast Blister (NTOL)		X	X	X
Xanthomatosis		X
Others: Arthritis / Synovitis / VVD (with emaciation)	X	X	X	X

* Note: Peri-Cloacal Cellulitis in chicken is considered to be a defect under version 1 only

* Note: Peri-Cloacal Cellulitis in chicken is considered to be a defect under version 1 only

Viscera Defect Group (Versions 1 and 2)	Chicken	Fowl	Turkey	Quail
Adenocarcinoma		X
Airsacculitis	X	X	X	X
Contamination (faecal, ingesta, extraneous material)	X	X	X	X
Emaciation (heart and gizzard)	X	X	X	X
Hepatitis	X	X	X	X
Lymphoid Leucosis		X
Peritonitis	X	X	X	X
Septicaemia / Toxaemia	X	X	X	X
Visceral Marek's Disease	X	X
Other conditions e.g., Osteomyelitis, tumours	X	X	X	X

 

Cavity Defect Group (Version 1 only)	Chicken	Fowl	Turkey	Quail
Airsacculitis	X	X	X	X
Contamination (faecal, bile, ingesta, extraneous material, intestine/cloaca)	X	X	X	X
Peri-Cloacal Cellulitis	X		X	X
Salpingitis	X	X	X	X
Other: Odour; Tumours; Granuloma for Quails	X	X	X	X

19.6.2.5.2.6 Sampling Procedure

Tests shall be conducted to reflect the performance of the defect detectors without being influenced by the on-line CFIA inspector(s).

All defect groups are to be evaluated using the same carcass sample.

Each sampled carcass must be fully examined (i.e., the carcass exterior, the corresponding viscera and the carcass cavity for version 1). The following step-by-step sampling procedure has been developed to facilitate national uniformity and is designed to ensure that each carcass has an equal chance of being selected. Carcasses must be selected as described below to prevent sampling bias.

Step 1. Randomly select a time for the test (minimum once/hr). At the selected time, begin the test by randomly identifying a carcass and picking the third subsequent carcass to be the first carcass in the sample. If the carcass lacks corresponding viscera, then pick the next complete set of carcass and viscera.

Step 2. Visually examine the carcass exterior, the viscera (heart and liver for young chickens and turkeys plus intestines and spleen for mature poultry) and the carcass cavity (under version 2, the cavity examination is not required). The order of the examination is at the discretion of the monitor to permit the most efficient inspection possible consistent with the presentation of the carcass and corresponding viscera.

Step 3. If a missed defect is suspected, immediately remove the carcass and if applicable, the corresponding viscera, and hang it/them back on the rack provided.

Step 4. Mentally count (add) the carcass, or use a mechanical counter for larger sample sizes (e.g., 125 carcasses).

Step 5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 until the sample size has been reached. (refer to the following table)

Step 6. After completing the on-line examination of the carcasses comprising the sample, carefully examine each hung-back carcass (and its viscera) and determine if it is defective. Record all defects on the form provided in Annex A.

Step 7. Determine if the sample indicates that the lot passed or failed. Take appropriate control action, if warranted, including those indicated by the switching rules for the Decision Tree below.

Step 8. Release removed carcasses for disposition or correction by a designated establishment employee or for the return of normal carcasses to the evisceration line.

19.6.2.5.2.7 Acceptance and Rejection Numbers

Acceptance and Rejection Numbers For Defect Detection Monitoring

Line Speed Range	Sampling Mode	Process and Corrective Measure(s) Evaluations				Postchill Product Verification (32 carcasses only)
		AQL 0.4% (carcass and viscera groups)		AQL 1.5% (cavity group)		AQL 0.4% (carcass and viscera groups)		AQL 1.5% (cavity group)
		Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re
≤ 5,000 cph*	Normal (32 carcasses)	0	1	1	2	0	1	1	2
≥5,001 cph*	Normal (125 carcasses)	1	2	5	6	0	1	1	2

AQL: Acceptance Quality Limit Ac: accept Re: reject
*cph: carcasses per hour
Note: Septicaemia / toxaemia has a "zero" tolerance

19.6.2.5.2.8 Process Out of Control – Action to be Taken

During the process evaluation, each defect group is to be monitored independently of the other defect groups, using the same sample.

When the test result reaches the rejection number for a specific defect group, it indicates that the process is under questionable control. Therefore, corrective measures must be implemented for this specific defect group and additional on-line testing is required.

Note: Scheduled randomized hourly pre-chill process evaluation tests shall continue independent of corrective measure(s) evaluation tests and post chill product verification tests.

Once corrective measures have been implemented, the efficacy of these measures shall be evaluated and the evaluation shall only apply to the defect group under questionable control. Corrective measures and additional corrective measure(s) evaluations are required until two (2) accepted samples demonstrate conformance to the standard.

When a corrective measure(s) evaluation is rejected, the operator shall immediately reduce the line speed by 10% and implement corrective measure(s). The efficacy of those corrective measures will be evaluated within 10 minutes.

Immediate post-chill product verification and potential product rework is required when one (1) corrective measure(s) evaluation has been rejected. The verification is required only for the specific defect group(s). The end of additional sampling at post-chill verification station occurs once corrective measures have been accepted (two accepted corrective measure(s) evaluations), by marking identified carcasses entering the chilling process.

The post-chill verification shall cover the entire amount of production or lot that was determined to be out of compliance at the pre-chill station (corrective measure(s) evaluation). If a post-chill product verification sample is rejected, the Establishment's monitor shall then identify the affected product so that it may be segregated and accumulated for rework.

The operator must develop a written program that will clearly indicate how plant personnel will identify lots of carcasses requiring rework, isolate these lots, rework the carcasses, and verify that the rework is satisfactory.

Once a specified lot has been reworked for the appropriate defects, a rework verification test shall be performed using the appropriate pass and fail criteria for that specific defect group. An accepted sample will result in releasing the retained lot.

A carcass and corresponding viscera exhibiting signs of potential Septicaemia/toxaemia, as defined under the "Definitions of Carcass Defects" or "Definitions of Viscera Defects" sections is to be removed for a CFIA veterinary inspection. If the veterinarian suspects a Septicaemia/toxaemia condition, the following procedures shall be initiated:

• The operator shall immediately notify all defect detectors that potential Septicaemia/toxaemia is found during a DDS evaluation;
• The "Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation" procedures and the "Post-Chill Product Verification" for both the viscera and the carcass groups are performed as per the DDS Decision Tree;
• The carcass and viscera are sent for a laboratory analysis confirmation; and
• If the laboratory analysis confirms the Septicaemia/toxaemia condition, the operator shall initiate corrective measure(s) satisfactory to the Veterinarian in Charge.

If the first shift ends in corrective measure(s) mode and/or post-chill product verification mode, the second shift shall continue with only the post-chill product verification mode until the end of affected carcasses.

If the last shift of the day (single or multiple shift establishments) ends in corrective measure(s) mode and/or post-chill product verification mode, the post-chill product verification mode shall continue until the chilling system is emptied.

Each element of the process control and their interaction are explained below and are presented in the decision tree.

The MIR have precedence over the DDS decision tree (corrective measures can be mandate at any time by the VIC).

19.6.2.5.2.9 Relationship Between the DDS and the Presentation Verification Tests

The two monitoring procedures must be carried out separately since they have different objectives. The presentation standards ensure adequate evisceration, so that on-line inspectors can perform a proper inspection and detectors can perform proper detection. The defect detection standards establish the criteria for verifying the operator's performance.

19.6.2.5.2.10 Defect Detection Standards (DDS) Decision Tree

Click on image for larger view

Defect Detection Standards Decision Tree

19.6.2.5.3 DDS Defects Log

A separate DDS Defects Log shall be used for each species.

For operators with more than one shift per day, test results for each shift shall be considered independently because of personnel and supervisor differences and shall be recorded on separate DDS Defects Logs.

Carcasses or viscera are scored as a defective sample unit for the presence of any distinguishable defect listed in section 19.6.2.5.2.5, "National AQLs and Monitoring Defects Lists" of this chapter. A carcass or viscera showing multiple defects under the same defect group is scored as one defect (e.g., a carcass with inadequate bleeding and emaciation = one defective carcass).

A carcass with defects under different defect groups is scored as one defective carcass for each group (e.g., a carcass with ascites and hepatitis would = one defect in the Carcass Defect Group and one defect in the Viscera Defect Group).

Defects are scored in their respective defect group, a total score for each group is determined and acceptability is determined by comparing the score to the applicable acceptance and rejection numbers for that group.

19.6.2.5.3.1 Defects Log for Chicken, Fowl, Turkey and Quail

Refer to Annex A of this chapter.

19.6.2.5.4 CFIA Responsibilities

CFIA staff shall ensure that the DDS has been implemented by the operator and is being performed according to this section and the operator's written program. This may be accomplished by performing independent verification tests and/or correlation tests with the industry monitor.

An independent test or a correlation test shall be performed at a minimum of once per half shift/evisceration line. A minimum of two verification tests (one independent and one verification test) shall be conducted and recorded each week by a veterinarian. The records must show that within one month each veterinarian working at the plant has performed at least one test of each kind.

CFIA staff may perform an additional test at any time as an additional assurance of process control or if they feel that standards are not being met for any reason.

Test results may be recorded on a separate DDS Log or on the operator's records such that CFIA tests can be distinguished from tests conducted by the operator's DDS monitor.

Also, an indication should be present to differentiate the independent CFIA verification tests from the correlation tests with the industry monitor.

19.6.2.5.4.1 Independent CFIA Verification Tests

The CFIA's independent verification of the operator's process evaluation tests shall be performed according to the following parameters:

• Tests shall be performed on each evisceration line, at select random times and according to the sampling method described previously. When a correlation test is performed, it replaces the independent test scheduled for that half shift;
• If an independent verification coincides with any of the plant monitor's tests, the inspector shall conduct a correlation test instead of an independent test;
• The sample size will be the same as that used by the operator;
• If the sample is rejected, the DDS monitor shall perform an immediate "Process Evaluation" test and then initiate any required action as per the decision tree in this section; and
• The result of each test shall be compared to the operator's monitoring record. If the CFIA test result is not in agreement with the operator's tests, the Inspector shall discuss the test results with the (industry) DDS monitor and inform the VIC.

The Decision Tree for DDS is to be used by the operator's monitor and for reference by the CFIA.

19.6.2.5.4.2 Correlation Tests

Correlation testing consists of the CFIA conducting an evaluation of a test being performed by the operator's DDS monitor according to the following parameters:

• The test shall be performed on each evisceration line. This frequency may be increased according to the operator's compliance to the monitoring procedures of the Defect Detection Standards. When a correlation test is performed, it replaces the independent CFIA test scheduled for that half shift;
• A member of the inspection staff shall examine the same carcasses at the same time as the industry monitor; and
• The monitor will be evaluated for the sampling method used, correct interpretation of defects, completion of forms, correct application of the decision tree and the implementation of corrective actions if necessary.

If the CFIA's evaluation demonstrates deficiency in the industry's defect detection process and/or the monitoring thereof, immediate corrective measure shall be initiated by the operator. The VIC shall decide if the written procedure is to be reassessed and amended accordingly.

19.6.2.6 Poultry Rejection Process

19.6.2.6.1 Introduction

The Poultry Rejection Process (PRP), as presented in this sub-section, is part of the Modernized Poultry Inspection Program (MPIP), a post mortem examination program, as defined in section 2 of the Meat Inspection Regulations, 1990 (MIR). Both the CFIA and the operator have a role to play under the PRP. This section contains the requirements for the operator, as referred to in section 29.1 (3) of the MIR, and explains the role of the CFIA.

The MPIP requires an operator to perform a post mortem examination of carcasses and to sort defective carcasses based on the criteria specified in this chapter. The PRP involves the operator assuming responsibility, as instructed by the official veterinarian, for rejecting chicken, turkey and heavy fowl (spent breeder hens) carcasses with certain deviations which should be discarded as condemned. The CFIA will evaluate the compliance of the rejection process throughout slaughter and evisceration operations.

The CFIA has initiated the design and development of the PRP under the scope of section 29.1 (4) which stipulates "For the purpose of evaluating an application for authorization to operate a shared inspection program or a post mortem examination program, the President may undertake any consultation, study, research, test, trial or other process that is necessary."

It is to be noted that any operator authorized to implement a post mortem examination program under section 30.2 (a) of the MIR shall "operate the program under the supervision of an official veterinarian". Furthermore, section 30.2 (b) of the MIR stipulates that the operator shall "ensure that the program continues to meet the requirements of the Manual of Procedures"; otherwise a notice of suspension will be delivered to the operator as per MIR section 29.4 (1). In such case, an operator may face a licence suspension or be limited to operate under a traditional mode with one inspection station and the associated maximum permitted line speed.

Section 83. (2) of the MIR stipulates that "Subject to subsection (3), if… the carcass or a part of the carcass of a food animal shows a deviation from normal appearance…. the carcass and all its parts shall be held and referred to an official veterinarian for detailed inspection and for instructions regarding the disposition of the blood and the carcass and its parts." The requirements of the PRP policy are described pursuant to the authority given to the Director under section 83.5 of the MIR and further to section 83. (3) of the MIR which stipulates that "An official veterinarian may instruct an operator or an inspector who is not an official veterinarian that blood, carcasses or parts of carcasses with certain deviations from normal appearance (a) are not required to be referred to an official veterinarian for detailed inspection; and (b) are to be disposed of in accordance with the instructions provided by an official veterinarian."

For the purposes of the PRP, carcasses showing "certain deviations from normal appearance" referred to in MIR section 83.(3) are defined as carcasses with deviations and are included within the following table.

Nine (9) Categories and Corresponding Diseases and Conditions for the PRP

Codes	Deviations	Diseases and Conditions
901	Respiratory conditions	Airsacculitis
902	Sub-Cutaneous conditions	Cellulitis
903	Leg conditions	Arthritis, Synovitis, Valgus Varus Deformity
904	Skin Conditions	Marek's Disease (skin form), Avian Keratoacanthoma, Dermatitis
905	Abdominal oedema	Ascites
906	Liver conditions	Hepatitis, Icterus/Jaundice
907	Emaciation	Extreme thinness associated with another disease or condition such as Pendulous Crop
908	Dark coloured carcasses	Cyanosis
909	Others	Marek's Disease (visceral form), Pericarditis, Peritonitis (fowl & turkeys), Pendulous Crop, Adenocarcinoma (fowl)

The deviations listed in the preceding table have been selected as they are easily identifiable by operator's employees trained and accredited using the training material and accreditation protocol developed by the CFIA. The code assigned to each disease and condition is intended for use by the operator and the CFIA Veterinarian in Charge when issuing condemnation/rejection reports and when collating and submitting condemnation/rejection data on a monthly basis to headquarters.

The deviations listed in the preceding table are explained in section 19.7, "Poultry Dispositions", of this chapter and/or within the applicable training modules as developed by the CFIA for use by industry. The CFIA training modules are available through the local inspection staff. Designated industry employees must be trained and accredited prior to performing rejections as described in Annex B, "Training and Accreditation Protocol", of this chapter.

Please note that the official veterinarian maintains, at all times, his or her discretionary powers pursuant to section 83.(2) even when instructing an operator not to submit carcasses showing certain deviations. Carcasses not falling within the preceding table and "Questionable" carcasses, as described later in this chapter, must be referred to the CFIA Veterinarian for a detailed veterinary inspection and instructions. The operator is required to refer to the CFIA veterinarian whenever the company rejecter encounters a lot with an unusual pathology or a flock with a high rejection rate. The CFIA MPIP evisceration floor inspector may also inform the official veterinarian. In either case, the CFIA veterinarian shall assess the affected lot and provide instructions to the industry rejecter and the CFIA inspector(s) for handling affected carcasses. In addition, at any time, an official veterinarian may require that all rejected carcasses be submitted for detailed veterinary inspection from a particular lot or lots.

Carcasses with processing defects, as described in "Rejection Process", the following sub-section, are to be identified by the industry designated defect detectors and re-routed, using the provisions under MIR section 83.(3), to appropriate processes and/or disposed of according to the requirements of this Chapter. These affected carcasses are not considered under the PRP. However, they are to be handled by the operator under CFIA oversight (CFIA evisceration floor inspector).

19.6.2.6.2 Rejection Process

The rejection process is initiated on the evisceration line by defect detection related activities:

• Carcass defect detector(s) remove obviously condemnable carcasses prior to evisceration for sorting by a trained and accredited rejecter.
• After evisceration, viscera defect detectors identify viscera that have specified defects that may warrant rejection of the carcass and the corresponding viscera. Each such viscera and the corresponding carcass are to be removed from the evisceration line for sorting by a rejecter.
• Carcasses with localized cavity defects shall be handled as per on-line/off-line reprocessing/reconditioning and/or salvaging processes. Carcasses with only cavity defects are not to be submitted to the rejecter.

Carcasses removed from the evisceration line for suspected generalized pathology shall be sorted off-line by a rejecter into three groups as follows:

• rejected carcasses;
• passed carcasses (subject to assessment by the CFIA and removal of any localized defect(s)); and
• "questionable" carcasses (set aside for CFIA veterinary assessment).
  • Each rejected carcass shall be recorded by the rejecter. The rejecter also classifies each rejected carcass under one of the nine (9) categories listed in the preceding table. Carcasses which are passed by the rejecter shall be presented to the CFIA as described later in this chapter under "Phase 3, Pre-authorization Implementation Period".

Questionable carcasses are carcasses that the rejecter is unsure if they should be rejected or passed (e.g., a new or unknown pathology or unknown signs of pathology). Such carcasses shall be set aside in a designated location approved by the Veterinarian in Charge (VIC).

All questionable carcasses and "deviations from normal appearance" not listed in the preceding table must be referred to the CFIA for a veterinary judgment and disposition. Examples include: Anemia, Botulism, Cannibalism, Coligranuloma, Emphysema, Frostbite, Leucosis sarcoma group, Gout, Osteomyelitis, Urolithiasis, Septicaemia, etc.

Rejection Correlation Tests (RCT) performed by the CFIA Veterinarian on rejected carcasses help to assure that questionable carcasses are minimized and help to provide feedback to the rejecter as part of a learning experience.

If the veterinarian is not sure of the diagnosis and/or the disposition, the veterinarian should contact their area poultry National Correlation Team (NCT) representative for advice including whether a sample should be submitted for laboratory analysis.

Carcasses listed in the following table are:

• not part of the rejection process;
• are to be handled by a designated industry employee; and
• are not to be presented to the CFIA (unless requested by the VIC on a case-by-case basis).

 

Processing Defects to be Handled by the Operator

Number	Name of Condition	Disposition Policy
1	Extensive Bruising	19.7.1
2	Extensive Contamination (faecal, bile, ingesta)	19.7.4.2
3	Extensive Fractures	19.7.4.3
4	Extensive Mutilation	19.7.1
5	Extensive Overscald	19.7.1
6	Found Dead (Dead On Arrival)	19.7.1
7	Inadequate Bleeding	19.7.4.16
8	Loss of Identity	19.7.4.5

Note: Only "Extensive Bruising", "Found Dead" and "Inadequate Bleeding" are to be reported to the VIC for the monthly roll-up in Form CFIA/ACIA 5179, Antemortem and Postmortem Inspection Report.

19.6.2.6.3 Training and Accreditation

Rejecters shall be trained and accredited using the process specified in Annex B of this chapter. The CFIA will train and accredit at least two (2) industry trainers who in turn will train and accredit a sufficient number of rejecters such that at least one accredited rejecter is available on-site for each slaughter shift. Official training material has been developed by the CFIA for use by the industry trainers.

19.6.2.6.4 Implementation of PRP

The PRP will be implemented in three (3) phases in abattoirs that have qualified for Phase 3 of the MPIP implementation and that have completed the preliminary activities listed below prior to commencing Phase 1 of the PRP. The following table summarizes the preliminary activities and the three (3) phases for implementing the PRP:

Phases for Implementing the Poultry Rejection Program (PRP)

Phase	Activities	Estimated Duration
Preliminary Activities	Ensure that CFIA staff and designated industry employees are trained on the most recent poultry disposition policies	Variable for each operator
Phase 1 Preparatory Period	Train CFIA veterinarian(s) for collecting and recording data required for Phase 2. Complete training and accreditation of industry trainers and rejecters for performing rejections.	1 - 2 weeks
Phase 2 Trial Period	CFIA veterinarians mentor/coach the rejecters and collect data for a plant specific reference line ("before" data) for false positives and negatives.	4 - 6 weeks Minimum of 20 consecutive production shifts
Phase 3 Pre-authorization Implementation Period	Industry performs rejections, collects and collates the rejection data and issues disposition reports. On-site CFIA inspection staff verifies the rejection process.	Minimum of 3 months
Authorization	Industry performs rejections, collects and collates the rejection data and issues disposition reports. On-site CFIA inspection staff verifies the rejection process.	Ongoing

19.6.2.6.4.1 Preliminary Activities

The CFIA area poultry condemnation National Correlation Team (NCT) member shall ensure that the VIC is correlated to the latest version of the poultry condemnation policies, as contained within this chapter, for all classes of poultry slaughtered at the abattoir. The VIC shall then correlate any other CFIA veterinarian(s) working at the abattoir. The VIC shall also ensure that the industry trainers for defect detection are updated according to the requirements contained in Annex B, Training and Accreditation Protocol, of this chapter. Industry trainers shall update/retrain the remaining defect detectors by using the latest versions of the CFIA developed industry training modules for carcass, cavity and viscera defect detection.

Industry trainers and monitors shall be trained according to the requirements contained in Annex B, Training and Accreditation Protocol, of this chapter.

19.6.2.6.4.2 Phase 1 – Preparatory Period

The area CFIA poultry condemnation NCT member or designate will ensure that the Veterinarian in Charge (VIC) and all other CFIA veterinarians assigned to the abattoir (and who will be assessing the rejection process), including replacement veterinarian(s) are trained for:

• performing RCT for unwarranted rejections (false positives), carcasses passed in error (false negatives) and questionable carcasses;
• recording false positives, false negatives and questionable carcasses; and
• assessing the rejection data and control over the rejection process.

The NCT representative or qualified designate and a Poultry Inspection Specialist or a qualified designate (e.g., a CFIA inspector trained and certified for the MPIP including the PRP) will train and accredit the plant trainers for performing rejections based on the disposition policies contained in this chapter. The plant trainers will then train and accredit the remaining industry defect detectors and other personnel performing or assessing rejections (e.g., supervisor and carcass and viscera defect detectors who will be performing rejections).

CFIA inspectors will also be trained to provide a basic understanding of the rejection process.

The operator should commence preparations to issue a condemnation/rejection report during Phase 1. In particular, computer software and a database should be enhanced or be created such that all the required information, including that required to bench mark the total rejections for farm origin pathology, can be entered onto each condemnation/rejection report.

Operators shall present to the VIC a written description of the facilities and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the rejection process.

Phase 2 should begin as soon as possible after sufficient number of CFIA staff have been trained and industry personnel have been accredited for performing rejections.

19.6.2.6.4.3 Phase 2 – Trial Period

Throughout Phase 2, each carcass removed from the evisceration line for suspected farm origin pathology (as specified in the Defect Detection Standards (DDS) program) is to be presented by the rejecter for veterinary diagnosis and disposition as part of a Rejection Correlation Test as described in the following sub-section, "Rejection Correlation Test". The rejecter shall dispose of the carcass as instructed by the veterinarian and, if rejected, shall record the carcass in the correct category for issuing the monthly Ante Mortem and Post Mortem Inspection Report.

Throughout Phase 2, the CFIA veterinarian(s) mentor/coach the industry rejecters full-time while the rejecters gain practical experience. The CFIA will continue to collate the disposition data for submission to the CFIA HQ at the end of each month.

Both the operator and the CFIA veterinarian are to track the false positives, false negatives and questionable carcasses for each truck/lot. When it appears that the performance of the newly trained rejecters has passed through the learning curve and has plateaued/stabilized, then data on false positives, false negatives and questionable carcasses should be collected for another 20 consecutive production shifts (each shift is considered separately) after which the CFIA will perform a formal audit to assess if the operator qualifies to advance to Phase 3 of implementing the PRP. The data from Phase 2 will be used to construct a variety of charts and graphs for use during Phase 3 and Post-Implementation.

The VIC and the operator shall assess if any facilities or the rejection process needs to be added or modified to facilitate:

• an efficient rejection process;
• the veterinarian performing RCTs; and
• the CFIA Evisceration Floor Inspector examining each carcass removed by the defect detectors for suspected pathology and which was not rejected by the rejecter.

A CFIA review team comprised of the area poultry inspection specialist, the Regional Veterinarian Officer (RVO), the area NCT member and the veterinarian in charge, should perform the Phase 2 to 3 audit (requires 1-3 days) by completing the "Poultry Rejection Process (PRP) Compliance Checklist, Phase 2 (Trial Period) to Phase 3 (Pre-authorization Implementation Period)", provided by the area poultry inspection specialist. The checklist shall be completed by the area poultry inspection specialist and copied to all team members as well as the CFIA Inspection Manager. Phase 3 may commence when all deficiencies identified during the audit/review which might affect the performance of the rejecters have been corrected.

19.6.2.6.4.3.1 Rejection Correlation Test

The CFIA veterinarian shall perform an RCT for false positive and false negative carcasses on each lot of poultry as described in the following four (4) steps. False positives are carcasses that would have been rejected by the rejecter but should have been passed (unwarranted rejections). False negatives are carcasses that would have been passed by the rejecter but should have been rejected (passed in error). For the purposes of an RCT a lot is considered to be comprised of one truck load or about one hour's production of live poultry.

Step no. 1 – Throughout Phase 2, all carcasses with suspected generalized pathology, which are removed from the line by the defect detectors, shall be presented to the CFIA veterinarian by the rejecter in a manner acceptable to the VIC (either manually or on CFIA accepted facilities). Such carcasses shall be:

• presented one at a time to the veterinarian;
• presented in a manner to clearly indicate if the rejecter wants to reject or pass the carcass; and
• if rejected, presented with an indication as to under which one of the nine (9) categories listed in the table in the introduction to this section; and
• if not rejected, presented with an indication as to whether the carcass may be returned to the evisceration line or may be sent for salvaging or off-line reprocessing/reconditioning.

If the rejecter is not sure whether the carcass should be rejected or passed, the rejecter shall indicate that the carcass is a "questionable" carcass.

A procedure should be in place to coordinate the work of the rejecters and the CFIA VMs in an efficient and timely manner.

Step no. 2 – The veterinarian should inform the rejecter of the correct name and disposition for each false positive, false negative and questionable carcass.

Please note that whenever the rejecter correctly indicates that a carcass should be rejected, but places it in the wrong category, the rejecter should be informed that it is a mistake and should be informed of what the correct name/category is, but such a mistake should not be counted as a false positive. Repeated mistakes should be reported by the CFIA veterinarian to the plant operator for follow-up by a plant trainer.

Step no. 3 – Rejecters shall collect the number of carcasses that would have been rejected and collate the rejection results under each of the nine (9) categories listed in the table in the Introduction to this section. This information shall be provided to the CFIA veterinarian. The veterinarian shall verify if the information provided by the rejecter (number of carcasses in each category) correlates with similar information collected by the veterinarian during the RCT.

The operator should put in place a system (manual or electronic) to collect the number of carcasses rejected and the category into which each rejected carcass is placed by the rejecter.

Step no. 4 – The following information should be recorded by the CFIA veterinarian for entry into an Excel spreadsheet for every lot:

• number of carcasses rejected for pathology;
• number of false positives and the correct category/condition for each false positive;
• number of false negatives and the correct category/condition for each false negative;
• number of questionable carcass(es);
• number of birds slaughtered; and
• initials of the plant rejecter(s) and the veterinarian.

It is recommended that the CFIA veterinarian(s) track information on the type and number of questionable carcasses separately to enhance training of the rejecters during phase 2.

19.6.2.6.4.4 Phase 3 – Pre-authorization Implementation Period

The operator commences the following tasks:

• performing rejections (without a detailed veterinary inspection for each carcass removed from the evisceration line for suspected farm origin pathology (as specified in the DDS program)); and
• recording rejection data.

Each carcass removed by the defect detectors for suspected pathology, and which is not rejected by the rejecter, shall be set aside in a designated location for examination by the CFIA.

The CFIA veterinarian will:

• perform all of the activities listed in the following subsection "Role of the CFIA Veterinarian";
• once per half shift:
  • perform an RCT for unwarranted rejections (false positive) and carcasses passed in error (false negative) as described in the preceding sub section, "Phase 2 – Trial Period", on a lot randomly selected by the CFIA veterinarian;
  • perform a detailed inspection on all carcasses from the selected lot which are removed from the evisceration line for suspected pathology (not for carcasses with only processing defects) after the rejecter has made a decision for each such carcass as previously described under Phase 2 of implementing the PRP; and
  • verifies that the rejection data collected and collated by the rejecter for the lot accurately represents the rejections reported on the operator's "Condemnation/Rejection Report for Poultry" (if issued by the operator) disposition report for that lot;
• record and enter false positive and negative data and all of the other information listed under "Phase 2 – Trial Period" into the Excel spreadsheet to generate the control charts and to track trends in corresponding charts and graphs; and
• review the control charts and graphs for false positive and negative to assess industry control over the rejection process as described under the subsequent sub-section 19.6.2.6.5.3, "Assessment of the Rejection Process".

Whenever a lot is selected by the CFIA veterinarian for testing, the rejecter shall present each carcass removed from the evisceration line for suspect pathology to the veterinarian as described under "Phase 2 – Trial Period".

The rejection process is considered to be under control during Phase 3 if the graphs for false positives and negatives appear to be similar to those generated during Phase 2, and provided that the operator remains in compliance with the other requirements for the PRP.

The CFIA Evisceration Floor Inspector will:

• screen each carcass that was removed by the defect detectors for suspected generalized pathology and that was not rejected by the rejecter; and
• monitor the rejection process.

Each carcass and corresponding viscera removed by the defect detectors for suspected generalized pathology, and not rejected by the rejecter, shall be examined by the Evisceration Floor Inspector. If the inspector determines that the carcass and viscera may be a false negative, then the carcass and viscera shall be set aside for a detailed veterinary inspection.

Questionable carcasses and viscera shall be set aside for a detailed veterinary inspection and feedback to rejecters and CFIA inspectors.

The rejection process shall also be monitored by the Evisceration Floor Inspector throughout evisceration operations whenever the CFIA veterinarian is not present within the evisceration area. The VIC shall be advised whenever anything suspicious or abnormal takes place (e.g., there appears to be unwarranted rejections, the rejecter is replaced just before the veterinarian performs an RCT, a new untrained industry employee starts to perform rejections while not being trained by the trainer, a lot with a high level of rejections or with an uncommon disease/condition is being eviscerated, a large number of viscera are being rejected by the viscera defect detector due to contamination and the cause is not corrected in a timely manner, etc.).

The CFIA veterinarian may perform an additional RCT at any time and/or may instruct the operator that all rejected carcasses and corresponding viscera shall be set aside.

Phase 3, Pre-authorization Implementation Period, is considered to be completed after 3 consecutive months of consistently satisfactory performance as assessed by the VIC and the area poultry inspection specialist. This assessment shall include the results of the RCT performed by the CFIA veterinarian for the rejection process during Phase 2 and 3. The Excel file containing the results of all the RCTs shall be submitted to the area poultry inspection specialist who shall determine if an on-site assessment including completion of the PRP checklist is warranted.

19.6.2.6.4.5 Authorization

The PRP is considered to be fully implemented after Phase 3 is successfully completed. The Regional Director will then authorize the operator to operate under the PRP as part of the MPIP. CFIA inspection staff will continue to perform the same activities described in Phase 3 of implementing the PRP including randomly selecting one lot per half shift for an RCT by a CFIA veterinarian.

The VIC shall provide the establishment operator with an electronic copy of the excel file containing the data collected during the RCTs and the resulting control graphs once per week on an ongoing basis. Any emerging trend(s) evident on one or more graphs should be discussed between the VIC and the operator.

Data listed in the previous section for Phase 2 will continue to be collected and collated in the Excel spreadsheet by the CFIA veterinarian for a 12 month period (commencing after Phase 3 is finished) for submission to the Area and National Poultry Specialist for assessment of any seasonal effect. Thereafter, the data from the RCT shall be collected on an ongoing basis for assessment by the VIC.

19.6.2.6.5 Role of the CFIA Veterinarian

The Veterinarian-in-Charge (VIC) plays an important role during the initial implementation and the ongoing operations under the PRP. The VIC shall be closely involved in the training of the industry trainers for the PRP and of the designated rejecters. The VIC is a member of the CFIA review team that performs an audit for the operator to qualify for Phase 3 of implementing the PRP. The VIC also plays a key role during the pre-authorization implementation period and throughout the subsequent ongoing authorization phase by providing feedback to the rejecter and CFIA inspectors after inspecting questionable carcasses and/or identifying new conditions. The VIC maintains the authority to assure adequate control of the rejection process by the operator. The CFIA veterinarian may perform an additional RCT at any time and/or may instruct the operator that all rejected carcasses and corresponding viscera shall be set aside.

A CFIA official veterinarian shall be present throughout evisceration operations at the establishment.

Several factors will be assessed by the CFIA to verify if the rejection process put in place by an operator is under control.

19.6.2.6.5.1 Review of Training Records

Industry rejecters must be trained and accredited according to Annex B, Training and Accreditation Protocol, of this chapter. The operator shall maintain a roster of employees who have been trained and accredited for performing rejections. Annually and whenever a new rejecter commences performing rejections, the CFIA VIC shall review the industry training records to verify that each rejecter received the required training and passed the requisite theoretical and practical tests. An updated list of rejecters is to be provided to the VIC.

Whenever a VIC determines that an accredited employee is not performing his or her tasks in a complete and a satisfactory manner, the VIC shall notify the operator. The CFIA shall verify compliance by the operator with the requirements contained in Annex B including those for the Periodic Review, Loss of Accreditation and Reaccredidation for the rejecters.

19.6.2.6.5.2 Specific Circumstances

Under all of the following specific circumstances, it is to be noted that the CFIA official veterinarian may require that all carcasses suspected of a generalized pathology and removed from the evisceration line for further rejection be submitted for a detailed veterinary inspection.

19.6.2.6.5.2.1 Lack of a Competent Rejecter

Whenever the operator lacks an employee listed on the current roster of trained and accredited rejecters for a slaughter shift (e.g., due to sickness or a severe storm that prevents the rejecters from getting to the establishment), the operator may:

• suspend slaughter operations until a competent rejecter can be brought in; or
• all carcasses sent by the detectors for assessment by the rejecter (i.e., suspected of having generalized pathology) are discarded as operator rejects; or
• other options acceptable to the CFIA

19.6.2.6.5.2.2 Lots with an Unusual Pathology

When either defect detectors and/or rejecters are confronted with a new or unusual condition/pathology, veterinary assistance must be sought. Once the condition is identified, the disposition will be communicated to the rejecter(s) and the CFIA Evisceration Floor Inspector. If carcasses affected with the identified condition are rejected, they should be recorded as per VIC guidance in the operator's database and ultimately reported on the monthly Ante Mortem and Post Mortem Inspection Report.

In the case of an unusual form of pathology not contained in the section titled "Poultry Dispositions" of this chapter, samples may be taken and shipped for assessment by the CFIA veterinary pathologist. In those cases, support must be sought from the area representative of the NCT and of the Area Poultry Inspection Specialist. The precautionary principle must apply until the VIC receives feedback and guidance from the veterinary pathologist and/or NCT member.

19.6.2.6.5.2.3 Flocks with a High Rejection Rate

Outlier flocks (with a high rejection rate) are generally anticipated before they are processed through the review of the advance copy of the flock sheet and of the producer profile in the operator's database. The operator must take appropriate action before the lot reaches the evisceration floor.

As soon as an unusually high rejection rate is experienced by the rejecter(s) for a particular lot, the VIC must be immediately called onto the evisceration floor to assess the condition. Once the condition is identified/confirmed by the VIC, the disposition should be communicated to the rejecter(s) and the CFIA Evisceration Floor Inspector. The CFIA veterinarian may comment on the condition found on form CFIA/ACIA 5639 "Poultry Rejection Process Control Evaluation Report".

19.6.2.6.5.3 Assessment of the Rejection Process

The rejection process shall be assessed based on criteria listed in the preceding subsection, "Role of the CFIA Veterinarian" as well as by ongoing RCTs as follows.

The CFIA veterinarian shall conduct an RCT once per half shift as described in the preceding sub section, "Phase 3 – Implementation Period".

The number and distribution of false positive and negative rejected carcasses will be assessed by evaluating the graphs generated by an Excel spreadsheet. The graphs are automatically updated whenever the results of an RCT are entered into the corresponding data entry chart within the Excel spreadsheet.

The CFIA Evisceration Floor Inspector shall monitor the rejection process as well as the salvaging and off-line reprocessing/reconditioning operations throughout evisceration operations.

19.6.2.6.5.3.1 False Positives

Each incident of an unwarranted rejection (false positive) shall be assessed on a case-by-case basis by the CFIA veterinarian conducting the RCT. The CFIA veterinarian shall inform the industry rejecter each time a false positive occurs during a RCT. If warranted, the CFIA Veterinarian may require the operator to replace and/or retrain a rejecter, slow down the evisceration line or add extra rejecters. Alternatively, the operator may elect to absorb the loss of all rejected carcasses as "plant rejects".

19.6.2.6.5.3.2 False Negatives

There are two (2) types or origins of false negative carcasses:

• defects that are missed by the defect detectors; and
• carcasses passed in error by the rejecter.

Carcasses missed by defect detectors are controlled as part of the DDS program as described previously in this chapter.

As indicated under the previous sub section "Phase 3 – Implementation Period", each carcass and corresponding viscera removed by the defect detectors for suspected generalized pathology of farm origin, and not rejected by the rejecter, shall be inspected by the Evisceration Floor Inspector. If the inspector determines that the carcass and viscera may be a false negative, then the carcass and viscera shall be set aside for a detailed veterinary inspection. The CFIA veterinarian shall inform the rejecter whenever it is determined to be a false negative.

19.6.2.6.5.3.3 Questionable Carcasses

Each questionable carcass provides an opportunity for the CFIA to provide immediate feedback to the rejecter on-site and to ensure an enhancement of the knowledge and expertise of the rejecters. As rejecters gain experience in performing rejections, the number of questionable carcasses set aside should decrease and will indicate that rejecters are becoming more and more proficient in their duties. Questionable carcasses are also important because they alert the VIC of new emerging conditions.

Repetitive submission of questionable carcasses for the same reason/condition and/or unwarranted questionable defective carcasses by either one or several rejecters should be brought by the official veterinarian to the attention of the plant trainer(s).

Conditions found in these questionable carcasses should be factored into subsequent accreditation and/or re-accreditation of the rejecters (refer to Annex B, Training & Accreditation Protocol).

19.6.2.6.5.4 Process Control

A rejection process that is under control is a process where the number and distribution of false positives and negatives during Phase 3, Pre-authorization Implementation Period, and thereafter during the Post Implementation period, reflects that which occurred during Phase 2, Trial Period, for implementing the PRP.

The CFIA has developed a Statistical Process Control (SPC) which is based on a Shewart Chart as incorporated into the Excel spreadsheet as referenced in the preceding sub-sections. Each data point on the Shewart Chart is comprised of the number of correlation errors (comprised of false positives and negatives) from 40 consecutive RCTs (about one month's production). Exceeding the Upper Control Limit (UCL) or seven consecutive data points located above the Central Line (CL) would be a strong indicator that the operator may have lost control over rejections. The operator shall perform an investigation, determine the probable cause(s), submit an acceptable written corrective action plan, and take effective corrective and preventative action(s).

The number of false positives and negatives should tend toward zero over time, with the understanding that the zero value is the objective but is out of reach under normal operating conditions.

If the rejection process goes out of control as shown by the SPC chart generated by the PRP Excel Spreadsheet, CFIA veterinarians will check off the box indicating that the process is not under control on the CFIA/ACIA 5639 "Poultry Rejection Process Control Evaluation Report" form. The operator shall perform an investigation, determine the probable cause(s), submit an acceptable Corrective Action Plan (CAP) and take effective corrective and preventative action(s). CFIA veterinarians will continue to check off the box indicating that the process is not under control until an acceptable CAP (based on the Compliance Verification System (CVS) policy, chapter 18 of this manual) has been received by the VIC and the process is brought back under control as shown by the SPC chart (e.g., if the last data point exceeded the UCL and the new data point is below the UCL, or if the previous seven consecutive data points exceeded the CL and the new data point is below the CL).

In addition, rejecters shall be retrained and/or replaced or rejected carcasses are to be discarded as operator rejects, if one of the following occurs:

• repetitive errors are made by rejecters; or
• total number rejected or number of carcasses indicated by the rejecter(s) under each category indicated on the operator's condemnation/rejection report is inaccurate on an ongoing basis (repetitive occurrence) based on the RCT; or
• carcasses are rejected by non-accredited rejecters.

CFIA veterinarians shall consult with the operator when there is compelling evidence that an upward trend, as shown by the various graphs generated by the Excel Spreadsheet or a cluster of false positive and/or false negative rejected carcasses, can be attributed to a cause other than normal variation in the rejection process.

19.6.2.6.6 Information for Producers

National and regional data for disposition of chickens and turkeys will continue to be posted at the Poultry Marketplace of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

An annual report summarizing the performance of the rejecters, at poultry abattoirs authorized to implement the Poultry Rejection Process for a minimum of 12 months, will be provided by the CFIA to the Chicken Farmers of Canada (CFC), the Turkey Farmers of Canada (TFC) and the Canadian Poultry & Egg Producers Association (CPEPC) during an initial three – year transition period (2010/11/12).

19.6.2.6.7 CFIA Rejection Reports

Refer to section 19.7.5.2, "CFIA Condemnation and Rejection Reports", in this chapter.

19.6.2.7 Carcass Dressing Standards (CDS)

19.6.2.7.1 Introduction

Carcass Dressing Standards (CDS) is an objective tool designed to ensure that the procedures used in preparing and approving a dressed food animal carcass are in control and that the product is produced in conformance with Canadian regulatory standards. These standards specify the operational requirements for dressing, trimming and processing of dressed approved carcasses. CDS tests are performed on sample sets of dressed carcasses randomly selected throughout the production shift to validate the operator's performance in meeting prescribed product standards.

Each operator that switches from the Finished Product Standards (FPS) to the Carcass Dressing Standards (CDS) may utilize an implementation phase of 12 months to facilitate the transition between standards. The VIC should contact the area poultry inspection program specialist for additional information.

19.6.2.7.2 Responsibilities of the Operator

The operator is responsible to process chill carcasses that have been dressed, trimmed and processed, under the minimum requirements specified under the CDS. Therefore, the operator shall:

• provide adequate facilities to hold and to examine sampled carcasses off-line prior to chilling;
• supply accredited CDS trainers and accredited plant personnel for performing CDS tests monitoring;
• perform CDS testing as established by the standard; and
• determine and take the appropriate action in response to the CDS test results.

19.6.2.7.3 Responsibilities of the CFIA

Certified CFIA inspectors will be responsible for verifying the operator's monitoring tests, corrective actions and records. Therefore, inspectors will be performing correlation tests and periodic independent tests (as deemed necessary by the VIC) to verify the company's compliance and performance, (see section "Verification by CFIA" later in this document).

19.6.2.7.4 Facility Requirements for Off-line Monitoring Station

All defects shall be monitored after dressing, trimming or processing and immediately prior to chilling.

Refer to section 19.1.3 for facility requirements for the CDS station.

19.6.2.7.5 Training of the CDS Establishment's Monitor

The CDS establishment monitor shall be trained and accredited as per the Training Protocol described in Annex B of this chapter.

19.6.2.7.6 CDS Process Control – ISO Based Test

Random sampling for CDS testing is performed by the operator using an "Acceptance Sampling Plan", the ISO 2859-1, Special Inspection Level S-3. For more detailed information on the ISO sampling plan under the CDS, see the CFIA Training Module I-2.

The CDS monitoring tool has 3 general components:

• Process evaluation;
• Corrective measure(s) evaluation; and
• Post-chill product verification.

The process evaluation monitors the removal of all dressing defects comprised in this standard. It is performed at a consistent frequency on successive lots. It determines if the process is under control and meets the present standards on an on-going basis.

The corrective measure(s) evaluation is an assessment of the adequacy of the corrective measures that have been implemented following a rejected sample. It determines when the process is back under control.

The post-chill product verification is to be used to insure that potential defective chilled product or parts of rejected lots meets the standards or should be held for rework.

19.6.2.7.6.1 Sample Size

The sample size for the Process Evaluation (PE), Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation (CME) and Post-chill Product Verification (PPV) using the ISO 2859-1 sampling plan is based on the volume of production and the Special Inspection Level S-3.

CDS Sample Size

Lot Size (PE & CME)	Process Evaluation	Corrective Measure(s) Verification	Lot Size (PPV)	Post-chill Product Verification
(1 hour/lot) ≤ 3,200 cph	13 carcasses (every hour)	13 carcasses (within 10 minutes)	(15 min/lot) ≤ 3,200 cph	8 carcasses (every 15 minutes)
(1 hour/lot) ≥ 3,201 cph	20 carcasses (every hour)	20 carcasses (within 10 minutes)	(15 min/lot) ≥ 3,201 cph	13 carcasses (every 15 minutes)

cph = carcasses per hour

19.6.2.7.6.2 Testing Frequency

The CDS monitoring tests are based on a lot by lot evaluation determined to be an hour's production. Therefore, an accredited plant employee shall conduct scheduled randomized tests, once every hour of production, on a specified number of carcasses at the off-line station. Times for the tests shall be randomly selected prior to the start of the shift.

The process evaluation shall always remain on a production lot of an (1) hour.

Testing Frequency - CDS

Process Evaluation	Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation	Post-Chill Product Verifications
Every hour	Within 10 minutes*	Every 15 minutes

* Approximate delay required in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the corrective measures at the CDS station.

19.6.2.7.6.3 Sampling Method

All carcass samples shall be randomly selected from the evisceration line using a standard random selection technique to prevent sampling bias and shall be included in the operator's written program. In order to correctly evaluate the defects in a consistent basis, it has been determined that the sampling, the examination and the recording of a twenty (20) carcasses sample should be completed in 7 to 10 minutes. The sampling procedure shall be fully described in the company's written program and must be approved by the VIC.

To facilitate the application of a random sampling, the following method is recommended:

Step 1. Randomly select a time for the test.

Step 2. At the selected time, begin the accumulation of the sample by identifying a carcass on the line, removing the third subsequent carcass from the line. This will be the first carcass in the sample. Hang the carcass on the provided shackle/rack.

Step 3. Repeat step 2 until the sample size has been reached.

Step 4. Visually examine all carcasses (exterior, cavity and inside neck area). Remove the defect(s) from the carcass and hold the accumulated defect(s) for further recording.

Step 5. After completing the examination of all the carcasses comprising the sample, record the defects on the form provided in Annex A of this chapter.

Step 6. Determine if the sample indicates that the lot passed or failed considering each defect or group of defects individually. If applicable, take appropriate corrective measures as per the "DDS Decision Tree" below.

For more details on random sampling, see the CFIA Training Module.

19.6.2.7.6.4 CDS Defect Categories and Defect Definitions

The defects to be monitored under the CDS have been divided into two separate categories.

• the food safety (FS) category is designed to monitor the output of the dressing and evisceration procedures that may become a food safety risk; and
• the other, the dressing condition (DC) category, monitors the establishment's ability to remove unsuitable dressing conditions.

Each category has been divided into several defect groups that are to be monitored independently of the other defect groups. Therefore, the food safety category has 3 different defect groups (FS-1, FS-2 and FS-3) and the dressing condition category has 4 different defect groups (DC-1, DC-2, DC-3 and DC-4). Each of the seven defect groups is evaluated using the same 8, 13 or 20 carcass sample.

Each defect is defined as per the following tables:

Food Safety (FS) Defects

Defect Group	Defect	Definition
FS-1	Faecal material	Any identifiable stain and/or material determined to be from the lower gastrointestinal tract.
FS-2	Ingesta (aggregate)	Identifiable stain and/or dry particles and/or liquid (aggregate) covering a minimum area > 5 mm (internal and external).
FS-3	Gastro-intestinal Tract - lower GIT	Any combination of the following parts > 5 mm: intestine, caecum, cloaca (with mucosa tissue).
FS-3	Gastro-intestinal Tract - upper GIT	Any combination of the following organs > 5 mm: oesophagus, crop, proventriculus and gizzard.

 

Dressing Condition (DC) Defects

Defect Group	Defect	Definition
DC-1	Pathology - Airsacculitis	Identifiable lesions defined to be caseum or exudates or fibrin within the airsacs or in the thoracic and/or abdominal cavities measuring > 3 mm for chicken, fowl and quail and > 5 mm for turkeys.
DC-1	Pathology - Granuloma (Quail only)	Yellowish granules of various sizes (1 mm to 15 mm) located in the air sacs or attached to abdominal organs.
DC-1	Pathology - Salpingitis	Inflammation, presence of liquid or solid material within the salpinx.
DC-1	Pathology - Cellulitis	Identifiable cellulitis lesions affecting underlying tissue of any size (normally yellow coloured skin).
DC-1	Pathology - Cutaneous Marek's Disease (Chicken only)	Enlarged feather follicles often with yellowish coloured surrounding skin covering an area of any size.
DC-1	Pathology - Keratoacanthoma (Chicken only)	Identifiable number of deep crater-shaped ulcers.
DC-1	Pathology - Synovitis/Tenosynovitis/Arthritis	Inflamed leg joint or tendon (yellow and green coloured skin with or without subcutaneous oedema). Presence of liquid and solid material within the joint (Arthritis in Turkey and Quail).
DC-2	Lungs	Any lung portion measuring: For Chicken: more than 8 mm; For Fowl: more than 8 mm; For Turkey: more than 13 mm; For Quail: more than 6 mm.
DC-2	Oil gland	Whole gland or fragment of an oil gland > 5 mm.
DC-2	Bruise	Blood clumps or clots in the superficial subcutaneous tissue that cannot be washed out after slitting and the bruise extends into the deeper layers covering a minimum area: For Chicken ≥ 13 mm; For Fowl ≥ 13 mm; For Turkey ≥ 26 mm; For Quail ≥ 13 mm. Do not count as a bruise if also associated with a compound fracture.
DC-3	Long Shank	The complete tibio-tarsal joint (both condyles) is covered to the point where the cartilaginous tissue becomes the bone. As a guideline: For Chicken : maximum of 5 mm; For Fowl : maximum of 8 mm; For Turkey < 10 kg (eviscerated): maximum of 8 mm; For Turkey ≥ 10 kg (eviscerated): maximum of 15 mm; For Quail: maximum of 5 mm. Note: The cartilaginous portion may vary depending on the size of the carcass.
DC-3	Trachea	Identifiable trachea portion > 5 mm.
DC-3	Breast Blister (Fowl, Turkey and Quail only)	Untrimmed or partially trimmed nodule on the keel bone (yellow/red/green material) in an area measuring: For Fowl ≥ 8 mm; For Turkey: (Dressed weight < 7.0 kg) ≥ 13 mm; (Dressed weight ≤ 7.0 kg) ≥ 26 mm For Quail ≥ 8 mm. Portion of the blister capsule > 5 mm.
DC-3	Mutilation and compound fracture	Lacerated muscle and skin caused by equipment/procedures occurring in areas prior to the evisceration room covering a minimum area measuring: For Chicken ≥ 13 mm; For Fowl ≥ 13 mm; For Turkey ≥ 26 mm; For Quail ≥ 13 mm. Skinned elbows (bucked wings) without dislocation and trimmed portions (smooth cut) do not require trimming. Bone fracture (e.g. leg or wing, but not wing tip) that has caused an opening through the skin.
DC-3	Scabs or inflammatory tissue	Aggregate scabs covering an area measuring a minimum of: For Chicken ≥ 13 mm; For Fowl ≥ 13 mm; For Turkey ≥ 26 mm; For Quail ≥ 13 mm. or inflamed tissue including Dorsal Myopathy measuring: For Chicken ≥ 5 mm; For Fowl ≥ 5 mm; For Turkey ≥ 13 mm; For Quail ≥ 5 mm. Do not consider scars or healed tissue.
DC-3	Foreign material	Identifiable material such as grease and dust > 5 mm or any other foreign material > 2 mm (internal and external).
DC-3	Bile or ruptured yolk	Identifiable stain of bile or ruptured yolk sac > 5 mm (internal and external).
DC-4	Feathers and pinfeathers	A minimum of: For Chicken: 3 feathers ≥ 6 mm and < 25 mm; For Fowl: 3 feathers ≥ 6 mm and < 25 mm; For Turkey: 5 feathers ≥ 6 mm and < 25 mm; For Quail: 3 feathers ≥ 6 mm and < 25 mm. For All Poultry: 1 feather ≥ 25 mm. For all poultry: a minimum of 1 feather = 25 mm.

19.6.2.7.6.5 CDS Defect Group – Ac and Re Numbers

National Ac and Re numbers have been selected using the expected percent of defective carcasses per defect group determined from a national survey for both Chicken and Turkey. The Ac and Re numbers were determined calculating an overall sampling rejection rate of a maximum 5%. The process is considered to be under control when the test result does not exceed the acceptance number as shown in the following table.

19.6.2.7.6.5.1 Ac and Re Numbers for Process Evaluation and Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation

The following table contains the values to be used for Process Evaluation testing and Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation testing.

Process Evaluation and Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation
Carcass Dressing Standards (CDS)

Groups of CDS Defects	Conditions	≤3,200 cph (13 carcasses)						≥3,201 cph (20 carcasses)
		Chicken/ Quail		Turkey		Fowl		Chicken/ Quail		Turkey		Fowl
		Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re
FS-1	Fecal material	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	*	*	0	1
FS-2	Ingesta	2	3	2	3	1	2	3	4	*	*	2	3
FS-3	Gastro-intestinal Tract	2	3	2	3	3	4	2	3	*	*	5	6
DC-1	Localized Pathology	0	1	1	2	0	1	1	2	*	*	1	2
DC-2	Lungs; Oil gland; Bruises	6	7	7	8	7	8	9	10	*	*	10	11
DC-3	Long Shank; Trachea; Breast Blister; Mutilation; Compound Fracture; Scabs; Inflamed tissue; Foreign material; Bile; Ruptured egg yolk	3	4	5	6	3	4	5	6	*	*	5	6
DC-4	Feathers	5	6	6	7	6	7	8	9	*	*	9	10

FS = Food Safety; DC = Dressing Condition; * = To be determined

19.6.2.7.6.5.2 Ac and Re Numbers for Post-chill Product Ac and Re Numbers for Post-chill Product Verification

This table contains the values to be used for post-chill product verification.

Post-Chill Product Verification
Carcass Dressing Standards (CDS)

Groups of CDS Defects	Conditions	≤3,200 cph (8 carcasses)						≥3,201 cph (13 carcasses)
		Chicken/ Quail		Turkey		Fowl		Chicken/ Quail		Turkey		Fowl
		Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re	Ac	Re
FS-1	Fecal material	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
FS-2	Ingesta	1	2	1	2	1	2	2	3	2	3	1	2
FS-3	Gastro-intestinal Tract	1	2	1	2	2	3	2	3	2	3	3	4
DC-1	Localized Pathology	0	1	1	2	0	1	0	1	1	2	0	1

FS = Food Safety; DC = Dressing Condition

19.6.2.7.6.6 Process Control

The Carcass Dressing Standards are designed to provide feedback on a lot acceptance basis. They give the operator the information needed to respond to and to correct the process. When required, implementing effective corrective measures should prevent the need for post-chill product verification and off-line rework.

CFIA staff shall be informed by the operator after each rejected sample.

Each element of the process control and their interaction are explained below and are presented in the decision tree.

The MIR have precedence over this decision tree (corrective measures can be mandated at any time by the VIC).

19.6.2.7.6.6.1 Process Evaluation

During the process evaluation, each defect group is to be monitored independently of the other defect groups, using the same sample.

When a zero tolerance defect (FS-1, Faecal material) is detected, immediate corrective measure(s) and immediate post-chill product verification shall be initiated as per the following sections.

Note: Scheduled randomized hourly pre-chill process evaluation tests shall continue independent of corrective measure(s) evaluation tests and post chill product verification tests.

19.6.2.7.6.6.2 Corrective Measure(s) Evaluation

When the test result indicates that the process is under questionable control for a specific defect group, corrective measures must be implemented for this specific defect group and additional on-line testing is required.

Once corrective measures have been implemented, the efficacy of these measures shall be evaluated and the evaluation shall only apply to the defect group(s) under questionable control. Corrective measures and additional corrective measure(s) evaluations are required until one (1) accepted sample demonstrates conformance to the standard. Line speed reductions would only be applicable as part of corrective measures.

If corrective measures have been accepted while post-chill product verification is been performed, carcasses entering the chilling process are identified to mark the end of additional sampling at the post-chill verification station.

Note: Maximum of five (5) failed tests during phase-in period and three (3) failed tests after phase-in period after which the corrective measures by the operator must be determined by the VIC on a case-by-case basis:

• Replace staffing
• Additional staffing
• Line speed reduction

19.6.2.7.6.6.3 Post-chill Product Verification

Immediate post-chill product verification and potential product rework is required when one (1) corrective measure(s) evaluation has been rejected in the case of food safety defects and localized pathology defects (FS-1, FS-2, FS-3 and DC-1). The verification is required only for the specific defect group(s) which causes the initial sample to be rejected.

The post-chill verification shall cover the entire amount of production or lot that was determined to be out of compliance at the pre-chill station (corrective measure(s) evaluation). If a post-chill product verification sample is rejected, the Establishment's monitor will then identify the affected product so that it may be segregated and accumulated for rework (see reference on the following "CDS Defect Decision Tree").

The operator must have a written method that will clearly indicate how plant personnel will identify lots of carcasses requiring rework, isolate these lots, rework the carcasses, and verify that the rework is satisfactory.

Once a specified lot has been reworked for the appropriate defects, a rework verification test shall be performed using the appropriate pass and fail criteria for that specific defect group. An accepted sample will result in releasing the retained lot.

19.6.2.7.6.7 CDS Defect Decision Tree

Click on image for larger view

Carcass Dressing Standards Defect Decision Tree

19.6.2.7.6.8 CDS Test Result Scoring

A separate CDS Defects Log shall be used for each species and for each shift.

Carcasses are only scored as "defective carcass" for the presence of any distinguishable defect listed in the previous table "CDS Defects". Therefore a carcass showing evidence of the same defect at multiple locations should be recorded as one defective carcass for that specific defect.

Furthermore, a carcass showing multiple defects under the same defect group is only scored as one defective carcass, therefore one carcass having a lung and a bruise = one defective carcass. Also, a carcass with defects under different defect groups is scored as one defective carcass for each of the corresponding groups, therefore a carcass with salpingitis and a 20 mm bruise = one (1) DC-1 defect and one (1) DC-2 defect.

Defective carcasses are grouped by defect into different specified categories. The sample shall give the total number of defective carcasses according to each group of defects.

For operators with more than one shift per day, test results for each shift shall be considered independently because of personnel and supervisor differences and shall be recorded on separate CDS Defects Logs. Process control is shift specific.

19.6.2.7.6.9 CDS Test Defects Log for Chicken, Fowl, Turkey and Quail

Refer to Annex A of this chapter.

19.6.2.7.7 Verification by the CFIA

CFIA staff shall ensure that the CDS has been implemented and are being performed according to this section and the operator's written program. This may be accomplished by performing independent verification tests and/or correlation tests with the industry monitor.

An independent test or a correlation test shall be performed at a minimum of once per half shift/evisceration line. A minimum of two verification tests (one independent and one verification test) shall be conducted and recorded by a veterinarian each week. The records must show that within one month each veterinarian working at the plant has performed at least one test of each kind.

CFIA staff may perform an additional test at any time as an additional assurance of process control or if they feel that standards are not being met for any reason.

Test results may be recorded on a separate CDS Log or on the operator's records such that CFIA tests can be distinguished from tests conducted by the operator's CDS monitor. Also, an indication should be present to differentiate the independent verification tests and the correlation tests with the industry monitor.

19.6.2.7.7.1 Independent CFIA Verification Tests

The CFIA's independent verification of the operator's process evaluation tests shall be performed according to the following parameters:

• Tests shall be performed on each evisceration line, at select random times and according to the sampling method described previously. When a correlation test is performed, it replaces the independent test scheduled for that half shift;
• If an independent verification test coincides with any of the plant's monitor test, the inspector shall conduct a correlation test instead of an independent test;
• The sample size will be the same as that used by the operator;
• If the sample is rejected, the CDS monitor shall perform an immediate "Process Evaluation" test and then initiate any required action as per the Decision Tree in this section;
• If the test result is rejected for faecal material, immediate corrective measure(s) and immediate post-chill product verification shall be initiated by the CDS monitor; and
• The result of each test shall be compared to the operator's monitoring record. If the CFIA test result is not in agreement with the operator's tests, the inspector shall discuss the test results with the (industry) CDS monitor and inform the VIC.

The Decision Tree for CDS is to be used by the operator's monitor and for reference by the CFIA.

19.6.2.7.7.2 Correlation Tests

Correlation testing consists of the CFIA conducting an evaluation of a test being performed by the operator's CDS monitor according to the following parameters:

• Tests shall be performed on each evisceration line. This frequency may be increased according to the operator's compliance to the monitoring procedures of the Carcass Dressing Standard. When a correlation test is performed, it replaces the independent CFIA test scheduled for that half shift;
• A member of the CFIA staff shall examine the same carcasses at the same time as the industry monitor; and
• The monitor will be evaluated for the sampling method used, correct interpretation of defects, completion of forms, correct application of the Decision Tree and the implementation of corrective actions if necessary.

If the CFIA's evaluation demonstrates deficiency in the industry's dressing process and/or the monitoring thereof, immediate corrective measures shall be initiated by the operator. The VIC shall decide if the written procedure is to be reassessed and amended accordingly.

19.6.2.8 Pathogen Reduction Effort

19.6.2.8.1 Establishing Microbiological Criteria for Chicken and Turkey Carcasses Under MPIP

A national baseline survey of federally inspected chicken broiler and young turkey slaughter establishments was conducted in June, 1997 – May, 1998 to determine the prevalence of E. Coli (Escherichia Coli, biotype I, non-specific as to species, hereinafter referred to simply as E. Coli) and Salmonella spp.

Test results for E. Coli and Salmonella spp. were similar to those reported in the corresponding US baseline survey. Therefore the CFIA adopted the US Salmonella standard and E. Coli guidelines on an interim basis for MPIP.

Full details on the referenced US requirements are contained in Chapter 11, Exports, US Section.

19.6.3 Post mortem Inspection for Rabbits

The dressed carcass and viscera shall be visually examined. Visual examination should be followed by palpation and incision as deemed necessary.

19.6.3.1 Line Speed for Traditional Post mortem Inspection of Rabbits

Line Speed	Traditional On-line CFIA Inspection Station	Veterinary Disposition Station
1 - 1320 carcasses/hour	1	1

 

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