3.0 Scope
3.1 Authorities
3.2 Responsibility for Enforcement Actions
3.3 General Enforcement and Compliance Principles
3.4 Inspection Powers and Authorities
3.5 Responses to Non-Compliance
3.6 Suspension or Cancellation of Registration
3.7 Suspension of Registration
3.8 Cancellation of Registration
Appendix 3-1: Notice of Suspension of
Registration
Appendix 3-2: Covering Letter
Appendix 3-3: Hearing Convocation Letter
Appendix 3-4: Hearing Confirmation Letter
Appendix 3-5: Hearing Follow-up Letter
Appendix 3-6: Notice of Cancellation of Registration
This Compliance and Enforcement Strategy provides a framework that outlines the principles and actions that will be followed by Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) inspectors in verifying that registered establishments operate in compliance with the Canada Agricultural Products Act (CAP Act), Processed Products Regulations (PPR), and other applicable legislation. This program specific strategy is consistent with the CFIA's revised Enforcement and Compliance Policy developed and maintained by the Enforcement and Investigation Services (EIS) Division. The CFIA Enforcement and Compliance Policy provides the overarching policy for enforcement and compliance activities across all commodity programs.
Compliance is normally achieved through a co-operative approach between the regulated party and the CFIA in correcting non-conformities through the development of appropriate Corrective Action Plans or other methods. However, when this co-operative approach has ceased, or when the regulated party is incapable of correcting non-conformities, this Compliance and Enforcement Strategy provides CFIA staff with enforcement options that are to be used in responding to infractions of the Canada Agricultural Products Act (CAP Act), the Processed Products Regulations (PPR) and other relevant applicable legislation. This policy also defines discretionary parameters for inspectors and establishes principles for fair and consistent enforcement.
CFIA Area Executive Directors are accountable for enforcement actions taken in their respective Areas including refusal, suspension and revocation of certificates of registration. They are also responsible for the approval of all recommendations to prosecute. The Regional Director must also be consulted and informed when significant enforcement actions are being considered. The accountability process for enforcement action is outlined in Chapter 15 of the Enforcement and Compliance Policy.
The CFIA will encourage compliance with the CAP Act, PPR and other applicable legislation through consultation, education and enforcement. These activities are based on the following guiding principles:
The following identifies the appropriate legal authorities that are available to inspectors designated under the Canada Agricultural Products Act, the Food and Drugs Act, the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act and their Regulations.
Canada Agricultural Products Act
Inspectors may:
In exercising the above authorities, inspectors may:
Food and Drugs Act and Regulations
Inspectors may:
In exercising the above authorities, inspectors may also take photographs of::
Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act and Regulations
Inspectors may:
When exercising their powers and authorities, inspectors may be requested to produce their certificates of designation and shall produce them upon request. Inspectors may not enter a dwelling-place to conduct an inspection unless a search warrant has been issued or where legislative authority allows them to enter without a warrant under exigent circumstances. Use of the authority to enter under exigent circumstances will only be exercised where there is an immediate threat to the health and safety of the public or environment, or a serious threat or risk of disease to humans, establishments or animals.
3.4.1 Indirect Powers
All reasonable assistance will be provided to an inspector, or any person acting under the authority of the inspector, by the owner or person in charge of a place, including a conveyance, and every person found in the place that is entered by an inspector. In addition, they will also provide the inspector with any information relevant to the administration of any of the CFIA's Acts.
3.4.2 Direct Powers
During the course of an inspection, inspectors have the power and authority to respond to non compliance. They may:
Where CFIA inspectors have reasonable grounds to believe there has been a contravention of the CAP Act, the PPR or other applicable legislation, they will conduct inspections to determine the facts of the alleged infraction(s). Inspectors and Inspection Managers may seek the advice, guidance and assistance of the Enforcement and Investigation Services, Regional Investigator, particularly in instances involving circumstances of a complex nature that require specialized investigational expertise. If there is sufficient evidence to proceed with enforcement action, the inspector should gather and preserve evidence. Once non-compliance has been verified, the inspector will complete an Inspector Non-Compliance Report and submit it to their Inspection Manager.
Instances of non-compliance will be re-evaluated by Enforcement and Investigation Services, prior to proceeding with enforcement action. The following factors, along with other applicable information, will be considered when deciding upon the most appropriate action:
3.5.1 Warning
A written warning letter may be used in instances where the non-compliance is unintentional, easily corrected, the accused demonstrates due diligence and the individual or company has made reasonable efforts to remedy or mitigate the consequences of the contravention and compliance has been achieved.
3.5.2 Prosecution Action
Prosecutions shall be considered for offences under the Acts and Regulations enforced by the CFIA except where, in accordance with the enforcement and compliance policy, it has been determined that:
Prosecution will always be pursued when the offence involves:
The Acts administered by the CFIA allow offences to be prosecuted by either summary conviction or as an indictable offence. It is determined by the Crown prosecutor whether to prosecute by way of summary conviction or indictment.
3.5.3 Product Detention
An inspector has the authority, under Section 23 of the CAP Act, to seize and detain non-compliant agricultural products. The detention of agricultural products or other things is generally appropriate when a violation is suspected and when:
Detention of the products can be maintained until:
Detention of product is considered one of the most expeditious and effective tools to promote compliance.
3.5.4 Forfeiture
Forfeiture can occur in the following instances:
Forfeited products will be disposed of as provided for by the Court, or as directed by the Minister where provided for in the Acts. This will generally be at the expense of the person from whom the product was seized.
3.5.5 Disposal
The CAP Act allows for the disposal of perishable products, as well as the disposal of a seized product that has been forfeited.
There are four circumstances where deregistration procedures will be considered:
3.6.1 Establishment Closure
Where a registered establishment closes due to a decision of the operators and owners (e.g. bankruptcy), the Regional Director responsible for the Area and the Director, Food of Plant Origin Division, must be informed as soon as possible. It is the Inspection Manager's responsibility to verify that the registration certificate is removed from the establishment, and the establishment's management have been informed of what the cancellation of the registration means in a letter acknowledging the cancellation. The name and address of that establishment will then be removed from the central list of registered establishments. The registration number normally will be held (e.g. not reissued) for a period of two (2) years to avoid any possible confusion.
3.6.2 Non Operating Status or Failure to Pay Annual Registration Fees
Where a registered establishment has not operated for a period of twelve consecutive months or fails to pay fees to the CFIA related to maintaining registration status or product inspection.
C.M.S will be updated to indicate the inactive status of the establishment. The name and address of the establishment will be removed from the central list of registered establishments and the registration number will be held (not reissued) for a period of two (2) years.
3.6.3 Critical Deficiencies of Public Health Significance
Where an inspection of a registered establishment determines that the Act and/or Regulations are being violated to the extent that the health of the public is being jeopardized by the finished products being produced, and the operator fails, or is unable, to take immediate corrective actions, steps to suspend the registration will be taken immediately (see Section 3.7). Cancellation of registration procedures are also initiated (see Section 3.8).
3.6.4 Serious or Continuous Violations to the Regulations During Establishment Inspection
Where an in-depth inspection of a registered establishment results in an unsatisfactory rating, the documented results of the inspection will be utilized to possibly effect the cancellation of their registration or aide in prosecution. Where there are serious or continuous non-compliance issues that are not corrected quickly and cooperatively, the following procedures must be followed closely for any unsatisfactory rated establishment:
3.7.1 Regulatory Authority
Subsection 12 (2) (3) and (4) of the Processed Products Regulations states:
(2) The registration of an establishment may be suspended by the Director
(3) No registration referred to in subsection (2) shall be suspended unless
(4) A suspension of registration under subsection (2) shall remain in effect
3.7.2 Steps for Suspension of Registration
For any unsatisfactory rated establishment where the evidence shows that allowing the establishment to continue operating would constitute a public health hazard, the following procedures must be followed:
In all instances of establishments not immediately correcting serious infraction(s), The Inspection Manager or his designate will inform the Area Program Network Specialist. The Area Program Network Director will then notify the Director, Food of Plant Origin Division of the intent to cancel the establishment's registration.
3.8.1 Regulatory Authority
Subsection 12(6) of the Processed Products Regulations states:
" No Certificate of Registration referred to subsection (5) shall be cancelled unless:
3.8.2 Steps for Cancellation
(Address)
(Date)
2820-1- Reg. #
(Name and Address of establishment)
Subject: Notice of Suspension of Registration
Registered under the Canada Agricultural Products Act
This is to advise you that, in accordance with subsection 12(3) of the Processed Products Regulations, the registration for the above establishment is suspended, effective (date).
The Certificate of Registration issued pursuant to subsection 11(1) of the said Regulations is to be surrendered to an inspector upon receipt of this notice.
Date:
Regional Director
(Date)
Registered Mail
(Name of establishment)
(Complete address)
Attn: (Name of Establishment Manager and Title)
Subject: Establishment Inspection Results - Follow-up Inspection
(Salutation)
The following is a summary of the results of two recent inspections performed on your establishment by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
On (Dates) an inspection was carried out by Inspector(s) (Names of Inspectors). Several major infractions were identified at that time and discussed with you following the inspection. A letter, dated (Date of letter) was sent to you confirming these unsatisfactory conditions and you were requested to provide a written plan of corrective action. To date, your corrective action plan has not been received.
On (Dates) a follow-up inspection was carried out by the undersigned and Bill Jones to review the establishment conditions again and check the progress of your corrective actions. You will find a copy of that inspection report enclosed. While it was noted that some of the serious infractions had been brought into compliance, there still remains several infractions which require immediate attention:
(List major violations (serious infractions) in order of priority)
Upon completion of the inspection, we discussed the above infractions, as well as the fact that a written corrective action plan has not yet been received. We request your immediate attention to the correction of the infractions and to providing us with a written corrective action plan outlining these corrections within reasonable time frames.
As you are aware, these infractions contravene sections 13 to 17 inclusive of the Processed Products Regulations, as established under the Canada Agricultural Products Act. Processing establishments must be in compliance with both the Act and the Regulations to maintain their registration, allowing them to ship their agricultural food products outside the province.
If these infractions are not corrected immediately and a corrective action plan is not received within seven (7) days of your receipt of this letter, a hearing will be convened for the purpose of determining whether to cancel your establishment's registration.
If you have any questions on any of the matters covered by this letter, please do not hesitate to contact this office (123-4567).
Sincerely,
(Name of Inspection Manager)
Inspection Manager
c.c: (Name of President of establishment, Title, Name of establishment)
(Date)
Registered Mail
(Name of establishment)
(Complete address)
Attn: (Name of Establishment Manager and Title)
Subject: Establishment Inspection Results - Hearing Convocation
(Salutation)
Thank you for the corrective action plan submitted February 15, 2000 addressing a number of the infractions pointed out in my letter of February 10, 2000. Upon review, however, we note that four (4) critical infractions are not mentioned in your plan (see below) and time frames suggested for corrections of five infractions (see below) are not satisfactory.
(List of missing infractions)
(List of infractions for which unsatisfactory time frames were received)
In view of the above, we feel that it is necessary to convene a hearing to discuss your establishment's registration. This will provide you and your representatives with an opportunity to indicate what corrective action you have taken to achieve compliance with the Regulations.
Subsections 12(5) and 12(6) of the Processed Products Regulations state:
"(5) The registration of an establishment may be cancelled by the Director.
"(6) No registration referred to in subsection (5) shall be cancelled unless
If you wish to have a hearing, please contact the undersigned before (Date), so that a place, date and time may be scheduled. If we do not receive notification by (Date) it will be assumed that you do not wish to have a hearing, and a recommendation to cancel your registration will be forwarded to CFIA - Headquarters.
If you have questions about any of the matters covered by this letter, please do not hesitate to contact me (123-4567).
Sincerely,
c.c: (Name of President of establishment, Title, Name of establishment)
(Date)
Registered Mail
(Name of establishment)
(Complete address)
Attn: (Name of Establishment Manager and Title)
Subject: Hearing Confirmation
(Salutation)
Thank you for your letter requesting a hearing to discuss the registration of your establishment and the maintenance of your registration under the Processed Products Regulations. Please be advised that you have the right to bring legal representation and/or technical advisors to this meeting.
It has been agreed that the hearing will be held on (Date), at (Time) at:
(Complete address of office)
While waiting to speak with you again on this subject, please be assured that I sincerely wish you my best sentiments.
(Name of Inspection Manager)
Inspection Manager
Date
Registered Mail
(Name of establishment)
(Complete address)
Attn: (Name of Establishment Manager and Title)
Subject: Hearing Follow-up
(Salutation)
This will confirm our discussion on March 15, 2000, of your establishment and the actions you have taken, and will be taking, to bring your establishment into compliance with the Processed Products Regulations.
At the hearing you indicated that, to date, corrections have been made to all infractions outlined in the letter of February 10, 2000, from Mr. Functionnaire, except for the following four (4) items:
List outstanding major infractions
It is understood that item(s) (list item numbers) will be corrected by (Date), (list item numbers) will be corrected before (Date).
After (2nd date), another inspection will be performed at your establishment. If the corrections made are satisfactory and your establishment's infraction rating falls within an acceptable range, your registration will be maintained.
If your establishment's infraction rating does not fall within the acceptable range during this inspection, a recommendation to cancel your registration will be sent to CFIA - Headquarters. Cancellation of registration will result in a loss of privilege to sell your food products outside the province.
Sincerely,
(Name of Executive Director)
Executive Director - Operations (Area)
(Name of President of establishment, Title, Name of establishment)
Address
(Date)
2820-1- Reg. #
(Name and Address of establishment)
Subject: Notice of Cancellation of Registration
Registered under the Canada Agricultural Products Act
This is to advise you that, in accordance with subsection 12(6) of the Processed Products Regulations, the registration for the above establishment is suspended, effective (date).
The Certificate of Registration issued pursuant to subsection 11(1) of the said Regulations is to be surrendered to an inspector upon receipt of this notice.
Director
Food of Plant Origin Division