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RMD-13-01: Regulated Areas for Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)
March 2014 (1st revision)

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Preface

As described by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) includes three stages: initiation, pest risk assessment and pest risk management. Initiating the PRA process involves identifying pests and pathways of concern and defining the PRA area. Pest risk assessment provides the scientific basis for the overall management of risk. Pest risk management is the process of identifying and evaluating potential mitigation measures which may be applied to reduce the identified pest risk to acceptable levels and selecting appropriate measures.

This Risk Management Document (RMD) includes a summary of the findings of a pest risk assessment and records the pest risk management process for the identified issue. It is consistent with the principles, terminology and guidelines provided in the IPPC standards for pest risk analysis.

Table of Contents

1.0 Executive Summary

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, was detected for the first time in North America in the summer of 2002 in Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit, Michigan. By the end of the 2012, its presence has been confirmed in 27 Ontario counties, and in seven areas in Quebec. Pest infestations such as that of EAB are dynamic and it is essential that the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA) regulatory approach is reviewed periodically, and adjusted as appropriate, in order to ensure that risk-mitigation and resource usage are effective and appropriate.

The nature of EAB, the various pathways of spread and limited early generational detection and treatment methods posed challenges to the traditional response. As the pest continues its spread, despite initial aggressive containment efforts and the later 'slow-the-spread' management approach, the regulatory approach requires amendment. The CFIA therefore proposed two options for the continued management of EAB, both with the goal to continue slowing its spread in Canada, including to unregulated parts of Ontario and Quebec: (1) the expansion of the regulated areas to include high risk corridors and represent more accurately the expected distribution of the pest, and (2) the expansion of regulated area to include all current regulated areas and buffers. Stakeholders subsequently proposed an additional option for consideration, the creation of a Collaborative Management Zone based on partnership approach.

In 2012 and early 2013, the CFIA has consulted with affected provinces and municipalities on the different options and has taken the decision to expand and consolidate the regulated areas to include high risk corridors that represent more accurately the expected distribution of the pest.

2.0 Purpose

To record the revised risk management decision with regard to the 2013 Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) regulated areas.

3.0 Scope

This RMD summarizes the CFIA's 2013 decision for the EAB regulated area(s).

Information pertaining to current import requirements for specific plants or plant products may be obtained from the CFIA's Automated Import Reference System.

4.0 Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms

Definitions for terms used in this document can be found in the Plant Health Glossary of Terms.

5.0 Background

5.1 Detection and Response

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an introduced wood-boring beetle native to Eastern Asia. It is believed that it was introduced to North America in the early 1990s on wood packaging material, prior to the development and widespread international implementation of International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) 15, Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade, but was not initially detected until 10 years later, in the summer of 2002, in Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit, Michigan. All North American species of ash (Fraxinus spp.), and many exotic ash species, are susceptible to EAB attack and infestation. It should be noted that mountain ash (Sorbus spp.), an unrelated genus, is not susceptible.

The initial response to the detection of EAB in Canada followed a typical emergency response as little was known about how the pest would behave in Canada at the time. It was initially decided to pursue an aggressive containment effort, in order to minimize its potential impact. Therefore in 2004, in an attempt to contain the existing pest population, the CFIA removed approximately 150,000 ash trees, creating an ash free zone in south-western Ontario between Essex County and the municipality of Chatham-Kent, where EAB had not yet been detected. It was hoped that this would act as a barrier to the continued spread of EAB, but it was detected beyond this zone in January 2005. In accordance with the principles of the IPPC, eradication is appropriate only in specific situations in which eradication can be achieved with available resources and where the costs are not greater than the economic benefits. In the case of the EAB, it quickly became clear the pest had established locally, and the cost of response efforts in removing trees would outweigh the impact of the pest. As it was no longer practical to pursue aggressive containment efforts through tree removal, an alternative pest response strategy was adopted based on slowing its spread, allowing science and urban forest managers time to research and develop effective risk-mitigation measures.

It is very apparent that early infestations of EAB are difficult to detect. Although detection and control tools have improved substantially since 2002, further refinement is still required. Even in recent years, tree-aging analysis at newly detected sites has confirmed that the pest has already been established in the area for three to four years prior to detection, also implying that EAB has already spread beyond that location at the time of detection. A map of the areas regulated for EAB in Canada up to March 2013 as well as a map showing new finds in 2013 are provided in Appendix 1.

The situation in the U.S. is very similar to that in Canada, with EAB now infesting parts of over 22 states, all part of a continental ash-zone as viewed from a North American perspective. EAB has spread rapidly through the U.S. ash forest and urban plantations, and the U.S. regulatory response has taken a similar path, based on withdrawing intensive resource usage from the infested areas, and focusing surveillance and management efforts at the perimeter of the pest population. It is expected that EAB will continue to spread naturally through all ash areas of North America.

Although EAB does not pose a direct risk to human health, it is a destructive forest-pest. It has killed millions of ash trees in Ontario, Quebec and the United States, and poses an economic and environmental threat to urban and forested areas of North America. Indirect health effects, through street tree losses in some neighbourhood, have also been reported (Donovan et al., 2013).

Invasive species have increasingly become recognized as a significant concern in recent years as worldwide trade and travel have increased the risk of spreading these species. Commercial trade is accompanied by an ongoing threat of pest importation from other countries and domestic spread within Canada. The list of regulated pests in Canada contains over 250 species, and inspection, regulation and enforcement are the key phytosanitary measures employed to mitigate these risks, in conjunction with the adoption and implementation of ISPMs developed by the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). However, many commodities cannot be easily inspected, nor in meaningful volumes, and effective regulation relies on the support of all stakeholders. Therefore, communication and public outreach are key components to raise awareness and garner involvement and support in managing the threat from these invasive pests. The CFIA invests significant efforts in outreach, and CFIA employees are regularly involved in myriad public events intended to increase awareness on the quarantine pests that represent invasive species.

5.2 Pathways of Spread

The rate of spread of EAB through natural flight is considered to be 'medium' (section 6.0). However spread by human-assisted means via movement of wood commodities is an important pathway. Movement of ash products such as logs, lumber, bark and wood chips, as well as firewood, from areas of infestation can inadvertently move the pest if there are life-stages of the beetle in the wood. In order to mitigate this risk, the movement of commercial ash wood commodities, such as lumber and logs, has been regulated since 2002, to restrict their movement from areas recognized as being infested with the beetle.

5.3 CFIA Engagement

The CFIA has implemented numerous import control policies in order to restrict the entry and establishment of invasive plant pests. Since 1998, through its regulatory efforts on dunnage and other wood products, the CFIA has targeted high-risk import pathways through policies such as D-98-08 (Entry requirements for wood packaging materials produced in all areas other than the continental United States), stipulating requirements such as dunnage reclamation at marine ports, and a requirement for all off-continent wood products to be heat-treated or fumigated. This is in keeping with Canada's obligations as a member of IPPC. The CFIA import policy D-02-12 (Import requirements of non-manufactured wood and other non-propagative wood products, except solid wood packaging material, from all areas other than the continental United States) stipulates phytosanitary import requirements for non-manufactured wood products such as logs, wood chips, and decorative wood items from all counties except the Continental U.S. For EAB specifically, CFIA policy D-03-08 (Phytosanitary Requirements to Prevent the Introduction Into and Spread Within Canada of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire)) stipulates phytosanitary requirements to prevent the entry and spread within Canada of EAB. In addition, a variety of compliance programs, such as the Emerald Ash Borer Approved Facility Compliance Program are in place for specific commodities and pests to ensure phytosanitary risk mitigation for imported and domestic wood products.

Some of the risk-mitigation and management activities that the CFIA delivers include:

In keeping with its regulatory mandate, given the current spread of EAB, the CFIA's responsibility in the management of EAB is to use its legal authority in developing and maintaining programs aimed at slowing the artificial (i.e., human-assisted) spread of EAB to areas in which there is a high degree of confidence that EAB is absent. This includes surveillance, regulation and enforcement, investment in research, and communications and outreach activities. To help prevent the spread of EAB, a Ministerial Order, 'The Emerald Ash Borer Infested Places Order', was updated annually at the end of each survey season until March 2013, in order to take into account all new detections. In April 2013, EAB was added to Schedule II (Restricted movement within Canada) of the Plant Protection Regulations. The EAB regulations restrict the movement of firewood of all species, as well as trees, nursery stock, logs, lumber, wood packaging or dunnage, wood or bark, wood chips or bark chips of the genus Fraxinus from regulated areas, in order to limit the spread of EAB. A map of the areas regulated for EAB in Canada up to March 2013 and a map showing new finds in 2013 are provided in Appendix 1.

Having recognized the risk associated with the movement of firewood, the CFIA launched a Don't Move Firewood campaign in 2008. Since then, thousands of brochures, posters and other communications products have been distributed annually through collaboration with partners. In addition, road signage highlighting the risks of moving firewood has been installed. The CFIA also participates in public shows and exhibits to educate the general public about the risk of moving firewood. For 2012, the CFIA has prioritized continued work on the firewood pathway, towards harmonising with the U.S., by drafting a proposal to revise Canada's firewood import policy in order to require heat-treatment of firewood, as well as by exploring options to strengthen domestic movement risk-mitigation measures. For these measures to be effective, all partners, including governments, industry and private stakeholders, must combine in efforts under their mandates and/or roles and responsibilities.

5.4 Stakeholder Engagement

The CFIA continues to engage with stakeholders at the national and regional levels, including outreach and training sessions for provincial, municipal and city staff, as well as landscape and tree companies, to increase awareness of EAB. The CFIA participates in various committees, such as the Eastern Ontario Model Forest Committee, sharing relevant information, surveillance updates and policy-consultations, as well as the Ontario and Quebec regional Critical Pest Committees, in joint discussions with various provincial partners impacted by the pest. Recently, the CFIA has also partnered with the Ontario Invasive Species Centre, in increasing outreach to affected municipalities and working across provincial boundaries to share valuable information on best management efforts, and develop collaborative management approaches. The CFIA also assists sawmills and firewood vendors through local compliance programs to mitigate the risk of spread while maintaining current markets for industry. The CFIA also participates in an EAB Science Committee, chaired by the Canadian Forest Service. Recommendations from the EAB Science Committee are taken into consideration by the CFIA in policy decision making.

The CFIA is also engaged in consultations with federal and provincial partners to develop a national management approach for forest pests such as EAB through a Decision Support Framework initiative. The framework will provide guiding principles for the collaborative management of, and key management decisions on, invasive forest pests on an ongoing basis.

6.0 Pest Risk Assessment Summary

(note: new information not in the 2011 assessment is presented as footnotes in the text below)

The pest risk assessment for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) was re-evaluated in 2011 by the CFIA and the pest is considered a high risk for Canada (Dobesberger 2011). This flat-headed wood borer (beetle: buprestid, or "jewel beetle", specific common name "emerald ash borer") causes physiological damage to its ash (Fraxinus spp.) hostsFootnote 1 by girdling the stem and branches, and several years of high-density larval feeding in the phloem and cambium causes tree mortality. Mortality can occur within one year of detection, depending on pest population level and local climate. Overwintering larvae, pupae and adults in trunks, stems or branches can be easily moved by humans in various wood products with living bark such as solid wood packaging materials, logs or lumber with bark, firewood with bark, nursery stock, wood chips and bark itself.

A risk assessment is divided into three parts. The first is a rating of the potential for "entry and establishment", or the potential for a pest to enter Canada or to move from a regulated part of the country to a pest-free area and establish a self-reproducing population. For this beetle, entry and establishment is rated high. Even with regulatory measures currently restricting the movement of various wood products, the emerald ash borer still continues to spread naturally and (undetected) by human-assisted means. Contamination of articles by EAB is also a possibilityFootnote 2 . The potential for establishment is also high because suitable host material occurs across Canada within climate zones where the emerald ash borer can overwinter and survive low winter temperatures (i.e., -30°C) successfully. Sufficient heat units can be accumulated to allow the successful development of one generation/year in most southern Canadian ash forests, particularly in urban environments.

The second stage of a risk assessment is an assessment of the potential for movement. The potential for natural spread of EAB is considered to be 'medium'. On average, adults may disperse by natural flight about 1.5 to 3 km annually, but a small proportion of the population (less than 1%) are capable of flying much farther. A related beetle (the bronze birch borer), is native to North America and can naturally move 32 km/year; similar abilities are expected of the emerald ash borer. Human-assisted movement has been estimated in the United States to be between 25 and 100 km per year, with maximal movement of about 250 km, mostly recorded in firewoodFootnote 3.

The third phase of a risk assessment considers potential harm caused by a pest: the economic and environmental impacts by the emerald ash borer can be severeFootnote 4 (Risk rating = high). A wide spectrum of age classes of ash from nursery stock to mature timber can be affected, reducing their urban landscape and timber values. Hardwood lumber exports are valued at about $109 million (in Canadian dollars, 2010 values and numbers). Export markets would be negatively affected because signs of live insect or disease damage are not allowed in any wood product destined for foreign markets and must be treated if signs are found. Various economic and amenity values of urban forests (real estate values, heating and cooling costs, tree removal and replacement costs), biodiversity and wildlife values and cultural values of native Canadians can be detrimentally affected as a result of pest activity by the emerald ash borer, but have not yet been fully tabulated and calculated for Canada.

The risk components in a risk assessment are combined to give an overall risk summary. This pest's risk summary combines to "high", which indicates that specific phytosanitary measures are recommended to slow or restrict the spread and introduction of the emerald ash borer to uninfested parts of Canada. Infestations of EAB are expected to be detected beyond the current regulated areas every year. Despite the threat of natural and human-assisted spread beyond these regulated areas, large populations of EAB seem still to be generally restricted to southern Ontario and parts of QuebecFootnote 5. Detection and delimitation of emerald ash borer populations is still difficult because signs and symptoms of infestation are not evident until damaging populations have already built up. Early warning and detection at low population densities requires further research, but has been improved with newer tools: baited green prism traps, tree-top branch sampling, etc. Natural and human-assisted spread is expected to continue, but regulatory and control action, despite inefficiencies, will probably slow the spread of this pest for several years and possibly hinder its movement into western North America (Muirhead et al., 2006). Therefore, it should still be feasible to slow the spread of this pest to other parts of Canada by implementing phytosanitary measures and developing protocols for biological controls.

7.0 Risk Management Considerations

The following are examples of activities that may be implemented irrespective of which regulatory option is implemented; these activities can be delivered by any stakeholder partner or collaborative group. It is important to note that the CFIA may not be involved with the points listed below.

Reducing the risks presented by the firewood pathway will be an important component. The CFIA will update its firewood policy to include import requirements and domestic guidelines to reduce risks.

Given the current widespread distribution of EAB in parts of Ontario and Quebec, the use of biological control agents, in combination with the above measures, may offer the best method of managing the pest. In 2013, the CFIA approved two species of wasp from China as the first biological control agents for use in Canada in an attempt to control the spread of EAB. Since EAB is not native to Canada, it has few known natural enemies here.

The two species of wasp are Tetrastichus planipennisi (T. planipennisi), a member of the Eulophidae wasp family, and Spathius agrili, a member of the Braconidae wasp family. The approval of these wasps is part of a long term strategy designed to reduce the population of EAB and reduce the destruction of Canada's ash trees. Only T. planipennisi are being released in Canada at this time. The release of the wasps will be closely monitored through ongoing scientific studies.

8.0 Pest Risk Management Options considered during the 2012-2013 consultations

Maintaining the previous emergency response approach on an ongoing basis has been determined not to be feasible, given continued pest-spread and limited resources and, therefore, is not presented as an option. The three options considered during the 2012-2013 consultations were as follows:

Option 1: Expansion of the regulated areas to include high risk corridors and represent more accurately the expected distribution of the pest (Appendix 2, map 1)

The existing regulated area will be expanded and consolidated to include highway corridors, which are the primary pathways of pest-spread. Highways 400, 401, 416 and 417 in Ontario and Highways 15, 20, 40 and 50 in Quebec are included, with additional counties not directly covered by these highways included to include expected distribution of EAB. This option reflects optimal resource usage for the CFIA and is based on the protection of areas in which there is a high degree of confidence that EAB is absent

Option 2: Expansion of regulated area to include all current regulated areas and buffers (Appendix 2, map 2)

This option includes merging all existing regulated areas and including a larger area than that proposed in Option 1, in order to take into account ash tree distribution and the likely long term extent of the spread of EAB.

Option 3: Creation of a Collaborative Management Zone based on partnership approach (Appendix 2, map 3)

Maintain the existing regulated zone, with continued regulation of new detections at the county level, but rely on significant activities led by partners (provinces and municipalities) within a new collaborative management zone.

With any of these three options, the CFIA would continue surveillance activities at the perimeter of the regulated area to monitor pest spread, taking into consideration the distribution of ash, risk factors, etc. The CFIA will also maintain regulatory oversight on product movement out of each regulated area, provide electronic communications materials, and, based on resource availability, support research on tools for management of this pest (biological and chemical controls, etc.)

These options will provide a greater level of protection for the rest of Canada as it will result in a lower risk associated with ash material moving from areas that are currently not regulated, but in which there is a high probability that EAB populations have established.

9.0 Stakeholder Consultations leading to the Pest Risk Management Decision of April 2013

The CFIA has held several meetings, teleconferences and communications to inform stakeholders of the need to revise the current management approach for EAB. The CFIA is also working with the Invasive Species Centre (ISC) of Ontario to facilitate interaction with municipalities. The ISC hosted EAB forums on January 22 and February 7, 2013, including the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba; as well as various affected municipalities. At these meetings, municipal stakeholders expressed a preference for a collaborative management approach (Option 3) that would include the same municipalities as Option 1, but would include two distinct zones, requiring a coordinated surveillance approach led by provincial and municipal partners. Under this approach, CFIA activities would focus on surveillance and compliance outside the proposed collaborative management zone. A follow-up meeting of an EAB Focus Group led by the CFIA, including representatives of the provincial governments of Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba, and a small group of municipalities, took place on February 13, 2013. Feasible alternatives to the proposed expansion of the regulated zone under Option 1 could not be identified and additional resource availability was not indicated, nor is it expected to become available.

On March 14, 2013, the CFIA engaged in two broad stakeholder teleconferences that were convened by the ISC and to which more than 450 stakeholders were invited to participate in order to communicate the planned approach (Option 1). One call was for English stakeholders (31 external participants) and another with French stakeholders (23 external participants). Comments were invited from stakeholders on the best approaches for the 2013-14 transition year for which there may exist as yet any unallocated resources. Communications and outreach have been highlighted as key areas to focus on during the transition period.

As a result of these consultations, the CFIA did not received any support for Option 2.

The CFIA received some letters of support for Option 3 from a limited number of stakeholders willing to contribute to a collaborative management zone. However, combined federal, provincial and municipal resources would be required to allow Option 3 to be pursued and a commitment from all partners to providing those resources has not been forthcoming.

Therefore, through the initial circulation of this RMD in April 2013, the CFIA informed stakeholders on its decision to modify the regulated areas for EAB as per Option 1 and commenced the one year transition approach leading towards implementation of the selected option by April 1, 2014. The CFIA oriented its available resources during the transition period to continue offering training and communications materials, as requested by stakeholders during the consultation period.

In spring 2013, a group of stakeholders engaged with the CFIA further to explore a "collaborative management approach" (based on Option 3). To date, three meetings with the CFIA have taken place. Members included the ISC liaison, OMNR foresters, municipal foresters and forestry consultants, although membership of this group continued to expand to include municipalities that will be affected by 2014 regulations. Early on, the goal of this group was to gather and provide resources, outreach and assistance within the buffered area of the Option 3 map in order to monitor the detection of EAB and discourage the public and industry from moving regulated products within the area as they considered that this area was probably not infested with EAB. However, as the 2013 survey season progressed, and a high number of detections were made in counties in Ontario not previously identified as infested, this group made a decision to withdraw efforts to maintain a collaborative management zone. The group continues to play a critical role in outreach activities to municipalities, landowners and all stakeholders affected by the upcoming 2014 regulated area. The group is further committed to building a strong communications and collaborative team to assist in the management of EAB within the proposed regulated area, to discourage the human-assisted spread within or outside the regulated areas and to strengthen their networks in preparation for any future invasive forest pests.

10.0 Revised Pest Risk Management Decision

As EAB has been confirmed in a number of locations outside of the initially planned enlarged regulated area during the 2013 survey season, the area to be regulated as of April 1, 2014, had to be revised (enlarged further) to take into account those new finds. The revised map is provided in Appendix 3.

In the northern areas of the Ontario and Quebec, the CFIA will regulate at the township level instead of Districts or Municipalités regionales de comté (MRC) level. This decision was made as the expansion of the regulated area to the north was expected not to have an impact on EAB movement given the limited distribution of ash beyond the proposed regulated area. In Ontario, Highway 17 is also a logical regulatory boundary given that this is the primary risk corridor in the area, other than the northward spread from the U.S. Selecting boundaries based on readily recognizable boundaries is also consistent with principles of IPPC.

All pest situations are subject to periodic review based on pest distribution and resource availability. If federal, provincial and municipal resources were to become available at some point in the future, the CFIA could consider revising its approach for the management of EAB.

11.0 Stakeholder Communications

The following stakeholders will be notified of the risk management decision:

12.0 References

CBC. 2012. Ash borer clean-up poses new problem. Last accessed January 4, 2013.

Dobesberger, E.J. 2011. Plant health risk assessment PRA# 2011-10: Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, Emerald ash borer (Update to PRA-2002-28). Canadian Food Inspection Agency, unpublished.

Donovan, G.H., Butry, D.T., Micheal, Y.L., Prestemon, J.P., Liebhold, A.M., Gatziolis, D. and Mao, M.Y. 2013. The relationship between trees and human health. American Journal of Preventive Medecine 44(2): 139-145.

Knight, K.S., Brown, J.P., Long, R.P. 2013. Factors affecting the survival of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees infested by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Biological Invasions 15(2): 371-383.

Muirhead, J.R., Leung, B., van Overdijk, C., Kelly, D.W., Nandakumar, K., Marchant, K.R. and MacIsaac, J. 2006. Modelling local and long-distance dispersal of invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera) in North America. Diversity and Distributions 12: 71–79.

Tanis, S.R., McCullough, D.G. 2012. Differential persistence of blue ash and white ash following emerald ash borer invasion. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42(8): 1542-1550.

Appendix 1 – EAB Regulated Areas in Canada

A) As of March 2013

Click on image for larger view
Emerald ash borer Regulated Areas in Canada as of March 2013. Description follows.

Description for Map - March 2013 Emerald Ash Borer Regulated Areas of Canada

This image is a map of the emerald ash borer regulated areas in Canada.

The regulated areas are:

  1. All the areas within the boundaries of the Division of Hamilton and Toronto, the Regional Municipalities of Chatham-Kent, Durham, York, Peel, Halton, Niagara and Waterloo and the Counties of Brant, Elgin, Essex, Haldimand, Huron, Lambton, Middlesex, Norfolk, Oxford, Perth and Wellington.
  2. The area within the boundaries of the City of Sault Ste. Marie.
  3. The area within the boundaries of the Manitoulin district.
  4. All the areas within the boundaries of the Division of Ottawa, the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville and the United Counties of Prescott and Russell in the Province of Ontario and, in the City of Gatineau in the Province of Quebec.
  5. All the areas within the boundaries of the Municipalities of Carignan, Chambly, Richelieu, Saint-Basile-le-Grand and Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, the cities of Montréal, Baie-d'Urfé, Beaconsfield, Côte-Saint-Luc, Dollard-Des Ormeaux, Dorval, Hampstead, Kirkland, L'Île-Dorval, Montréal-Est, Montréal-Ouest, Mont-Royal, Pointe-Claire, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Senneville and Westmount.
  • The map also indicates the presence of emerald ash borer in the Counties of Bruce and Frontenac in the Province of Ontario, and in the the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) de Papineau, the MRC Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais, within the boundaries of the Municipalities of Laval and the Agglomération de Longueuil in the Province of Quebec.

B) As of December 2013 (including 2013 new finds)

Click on image for larger view
Emerald ash borer Regulated Areas in Canada as of December 2013. Description follows.

Description for Map - December 2013 Emerald Ash Borer Regulated Areas of Canada

This image is a map of the emerald ash borer regulated areas in Canada.

The regulated areas are:

  1. All the areas within the boundaries of the Division of Hamilton and Toronto, the Regional Municipalities of Chatham-Kent, Durham, York, Peel, Halton, Niagara and Waterloo and the Counties of Brant, Bruce, Elgin, Essex, Haldimand, Huron, Lambton, Middlesex, Norfolk, Oxford, Perth and Wellington.
  2. The area within the boundaries of the City of Sault Ste. Marie.
  3. The area within the boundaries of the Manitoulin district.
  4. All the areas within the boundaries of the Division of Ottawa, the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville and the United Counties of Prescott and Russell and the county of Frontenac in the Province of Ontario and, in the City of Gatineau, the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) de Papineau and the MRC Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais in the Province of Quebec.
  5. All the areas within the boundaries of the Municipalities of Carignan, Chambly, Richelieu, Saint-Basile-le-Grand and Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, the cities of Montréal, Baie-d'Urfé, Beaconsfield, Côte-Saint-Luc, Dollard-Des Ormeaux, Dorval, Hampstead, Kirkland, Laval, L'Île-Dorval, Montréal-Est, Montréal-Ouest, Mont-Royal, Pointe-Claire, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Senneville and Westmount and the Agglomération de Longueuil.
  • The map also indicates the presence of emerald ash borer in Mont-St-Hilaire in the Municipalité régional de comté La-Vallée-du-Richelieu, in Orangeville in Dufferin County, in Pakenham and Carleton Place in Lanark County, in Arnprior in Renfrew County, in Northumberland County, in Cornwall and South Mountain in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, in Grey County, in Kawartha Lakes, in North of Rice Lake in Peterborough County, Laird Township in the District of Algoma, in Marieville, in the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) of Rouville, in Low, in the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) of La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau, in Boisbriand and in the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) ofThérèse-De-Blainville, Clarendon, in the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) of Pontiac and Granby, in the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) of Haute-Yamaska, multiple locations in the Town of Bradford in Simcoe County and Terrebonne, in the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) of Les Moulins.

Appendix 2 – Maps of the options for the 2013 regulated area(s) for EAB

Map 1: Option 1: Expansion of the regulated areas to include high risk corridors and represent more accurately the expected distribution of the pest

Click on image for larger view
Option 1: Expansion of the regulated areas to include high risk corridors and represent more accurately the expected distribution of the pest

Description for Map 1 - 2013 Emerald Ash Borer Regulated Areas of Canada

This image is a map which shows the proposed areas to be regulated for the emerald ash borer in Canada under Option 1. Under Option 1, the following areas would be designated as regulated areas for the emerald ash borer:

Ontario:

  • The area within the boundaries of the City of Sault Ste. Marie.
  • The area within the boundaries of the Manitoulin district.

Ontario - Quebec

  • All the areas within the boundaries of the Cities of Hamilton, Kawartha Lakes, Ottawa and Toronto, the Regional Municipalities of Chatham-Kent, Durham, York, Peel, Halton, Niagara and Waterloo and the Counties of Brant, Dufferin, Elgin, Essex, Frontenac, Grey, Haldimand, Haliburton, Hastings, Huron, Lambton, Lanark, Middlesex, Norfolk, Northumberland, Oxford, Perth, Peterborough, Prince Edward, Renfrew, Simcoe and Wellington and the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, the United Counties of Lennox and Addington, the United Counties of Prescott and Russell and the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and the Districts of Muskoka, Nipissing (south of the Highway 17) and Parry Sound in the Province of Ontario as well as all the areas within the boundaries of the Municipalities of Bristol, Bryson, Campbell's Bay, Carignan, Chambly, Clarendon, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet, Litchfield, Portage-du-Fort, Richelieu, Saint-Basile-le-Grand, Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, Shawville and Thorne, the cities of Gatineau, Montréal, Baie-d'Urfé, Beaconsfield, Côte-Saint-Luc, Dollard-Des Ormeaux, Dorval, Hampstead, Kirkland, Laval, L'Île-Dorval, Montréal-Est, Montréal-Ouest, Mont-Royal, Pointe-Claire, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Senneville and Westmount, the Agglomération de Longueuil and the municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) d'Argenteuil, Beauharnois-Salaberry, Deux-Montagnes, La Rivière-du-Nord, La Vallée-du-Richelieu, L'Assomption, Le Haut-Richelieu, Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais, Les Jardins-de-Napierville, Les Moulins, Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Marguerite-D'Youville, Mirabel, Montcalm, Papineau, Roussillon, Rouville, Thérèse-De Blainville and Vaudreuil-Soulanges, in the Province of Quebec.
Map 2 : Option 2: Expansion of regulated area to include all current regulated areas and buffers

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Option 2: Expansion of regulated area to include all current regulated areas and buffers

Description for Map 2 - 2013 Emerald Ash Borer Regulated Areas of Canada

This image is a map which shows the proposed area to be regulated for the emerald ash borer in Canada under Option 2. Under Option 2, the following area would be designated as the regulated area for the emerald ash borer:

All the areas within the boundaries of the Greater Sudbury, the Cities of Hamilton, Kawartha Lakes, Ottawa, Sault-Ste-Marie and Toronto, the Regional Municipalities of Chatham-Kent, Durham, York, Peel, Halton, Niagara and Waterloo and the Counties of Brant, Dufferin, Elgin, Essex, Frontenac, Grey, Haldimand, Haliburton, Hastings, Huron, Lambton, Lanark, Middlesex, Norfolk, Northumberland, Oxford, Perth, Peterborough, Prince Edward, Renfrew, Simcoe and Wellington and the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, the United Counties of Lennox and Addington, the United Counties of Prescott and Russell and the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and the Districts of Algoma (south of Highway 101), Cochrane (south of Highway 101), Manitoulin, Muskoka, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Sudbury (south of Highway 101) and Timiskaming, in the Province of Ontario as well as all the areas within the boundaries of the Municipalities of Bristol, Bryson, Campbell's Bay, Carignan, Chambly, Clarendon, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet, Litchfield, Portage-du-Fort, Richelieu, Saint-Basile-le-Grand, Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, Shawville and Thorne, the cities of Gatineau, Montréal, Baie-d'Urfé, Beaconsfield, Côte-Saint-Luc, Dollard-Des Ormeaux, Dorval, Hampstead, Kirkland, Laval, L'Île-Dorval, Montréal-Est, Montréal-Ouest, Mont-Royal, Pointe-Claire, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Senneville and Westmount, the Agglomération de Longueuil and the municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) d'Acton, Antoine-Labelle, Argenteuil, Beauharnois-Salaberry, Brome Missisquoi, D'Autray, Deux-Montagnes, Drummond, Joliette, La Haute-Yamaska, La Rivière-du-Nord, La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau, La Vallée-du-Richelieu, L'Assomption, Le Haut-Richelieu, Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Le Val-Saint-François, Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais, Les Jardins-de-Napierville, Les Laurentides, Les Maskoutains, Les Moulins, Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Les Sources, Marguerite-D'Youville, Maskinongé, Matawinie, Memphrémagog, Mirabel, Montcalm, Nicolet-Yamaska, Papineau, Pierre-De Saurel, Pontiac, Roussillon, Rouville, Rouyn-Noranda, Shawinigan, Sherbrooke, Témiscamingue, Thérèse-De Blainville and Vaudreuil-Soulanges, in the Province of Quebec.

Map 3: Option 3: Creation of a Collaborative Management Zone based on partnership approach

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Option 3: Creation of a Collaborative Management Zone based on partnership approach

Description for Map 3 - 2013 Emerald Ash Borer Regulated Areas of Canada

This image is a map which shows the proposed area to be regulated for the emerald ash borer in Canada under Option 3. Under Option 3, there would be two different regulated areas: the classical regulated area, where EAB is known to occur, and the collaborative management zone, where EAB is likely to occur. 

The following area would be designated as the classical regulated area for the emerald ash borer:

Ontario

  • All the areas within the boundaries of the Cities of Hamilton and Toronto, the Regional Municipalities of Chatham-Kent, Durham, York, Peel, Halton, Niagara and Waterloo and the Counties of Brant, Bruce, Elgin, Essex, Haldimand, Huron, Lambton, Middlesex, Norfolk, Oxford, Perth and Wellington.
  • The area within the boundaries of the City of Sault Ste. Marie.
  • The area within the boundaries of the Manitoulin district.

Ontario - Quebec

  • All the areas within the boundaries of the City of Ottawa, the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville and the United Counties of Prescott and Russell and the county of Frontenac in the Province of Ontario and, in the City of Gatineau, the municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) de Papineau and the MRC Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais in the Province of Quebec.

Quebec

  • All the areas within the boundaries of the Municipalities of Carignan, Chambly, Richelieu, Saint-Basile-le-Grand and Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu, the cities of Montréal, Baie-d'Urfé, Beaconsfield, Côte-Saint-Luc, Dollard-Des Ormeaux, Dorval, Hampstead, Kirkland, Laval, L'Île-Dorval, Montréal-Est, Montréal-Ouest, Mont-Royal, Pointe-Claire, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Senneville and Westmount and the Agglomération de Longueuil.

The following area would be designated as the collaborative management zone for the emerald ash borer:

Ontario

  • All the areas within the boundaries of the Cities of Kawartha Lakes, the Counties of Dufferin, Grey, Haliburton, Hastings, Lanark, Northumberland, Peterborough, Prince Edward, Renfrew and Simcoe, the United Counties of Lennox and Addington and the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and the Districts of Muskoka, Nipissing (south of Highway 17) and Parry Sound.

Quebec

  • All the areas within the boundaries of the Municipalities of Bristol, Bryson, Campbell's Bay, Clarendon, L'Île-du-Grand-Calumet, Litchfield, Portage-du-Fort, Shawville, and Thorne and the municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) d'Argenteuil, Beauharnois-Salaberry, Deux-Montagnes, La Rivière-du-Nord, La Vallée-du-Richelieu, l'Assomption, Le Haut-Richelieu, le Haut-Saint-Laurent, les Jardins-de-Napierville, Les Moulins, Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Marguerite-D'Youville, Mirabel, Montcalm, Roussillon, Rouville, Thérèse-De Blainville and Vaudreuil-Soulanges.

Appendix 3 – Areas to be regulated for the EAB as of April 1, 2014 (revised in December 2013, based on annual survey results)

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Areas to be regulated for the Emerald ash borer as of April 1, 2014. Description follows.

Description for Map 3 - 2013 Emerald Ash Borer Regulated Areas of Canada

This image is a map of the emerald ash borer regulated areas in Canada.

The regulated areas are:

Ontario
All the areas within the boundaries of the Division of Greater Sudbury, Hamilton, Kawartha Lakes, Ottawa, Prince Edward and Toronto, the Regional Municipalities of Chatham-Kent, Durham, Halton, Niagara, Peel, Waterloo and York and the Counties of Brant, Bruce, Dufferin, Elgin, Essex, Frontenac, Grey, Haldimand, Haliburton, Hastings, Huron, Lambton, Lanark, Lennox and Addington, Middlesex, Norfolk, Northumberland, Oxford, Perth, Peterborough, Renfrew, Simcoe and Wellington and the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, the United Counties of Prescott and Russell and the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and the Districts of Muskoka, Nipissing and Parry Sound, as well as the area within the boundaries of the Manitoulin district, all the areas within the boundaries of Sudbury District (including the Municipality of Killarney) up to the Northern boundaries of Townships: Acadia, Baynes, Bazett, Cavana, Cortez, Dundee, Haentschel, Iris, Kelso, Lampman, Leask, Marquette, Marshay, McPhail, Selkirk, Shelburne, Shelley, Valin and all the areas within the boundaries of Algoma District (including the City of Sault Ste. Marie) up to the Northern boundaries of Townships: Bracci, Butcher, Ewen, Ferrier, Foulds, Gaunt, Gilbertson, Gisborn, Grossman, Guindon, Slater, Smilsky, Tolmonen, Tronsen, Vibert, Way White, Wlasy

Quebec
All the areas within the boundaries of the city of Gatineau, Agglomération de Montréal, Agglomération de Longueuil and the municipalités régionales de comté (MRC) d'Acton, d'Argenteuil, Beauharnois-Salaberry, Brome-Missisquoi, Deux-Montagnes, La Rivière-du-Nord, La Vallée-du-Richelieu, L'Assomption, La Haute-Yamaska, Laval, Le Haut-Richelieu, Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais, Les Jardins-de-Napierville, Les Maskoutains, Les Moulins, Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Marguerite-D'Youville, Mirabel, Montcalm, Papineau, Pierre-De-Saurel, Roussillon, Rouville, Thérèse-De Blainville and Vaudreuil-Soulanges, as well as the municipalities of Rapides-des-Joachim, Sheenboro, Chichester, L'Isle-aux-Allumettes, Waltham, Mansfield-et-Pontefract, Fort-Coulonge, L'Isle-de-Grand-Calumet, Bryson, Litchfield, Portage-du-Fort, Shawville, Clarendon, Bristol, Thorne, Otter Lake, Alleyn-et-Cawood in MRC Pontiac and municipalities of Low, Denholm, Kazabazua, Lac-Sainte-Marie, Gracefield, Cayamant, Blue Sea, Bouchette, Messines, Thérèse-de-la-Gatineau in MRC Vallée-de-la-Gatineau.

Appendix 4 – Amendment Record

Amendment Number / Document Version Amended by: Date Amended: Purpose of Amendment
1 Mireille Marcotte December 2013 As EAB has been confirmed in a number of locations outside of the initially planned enlarged regulated area during the 2013 survey season, the area to be regulated as of April 1, 2014, had to be revised (enlarged further) to take into account those new finds. The RMD has been revised to include the most current information and the revised map.
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