National feed inspection program: Results from 1989 to 2018 for the Salmonella monitoring program for livestock feeds
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Background
This random sampling program is part of the National Feed Inspection Program, and was implemented for the purposes of monitoring the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in all feeds and feed ingredients. Data are available from domestic and imported feed samples collected by the CFIA from feed mills, farms, and retail establishments, over a period of 29 years from April 1, 1989, to March 31, 2018.
Salmonellosis has a significant impact on society in terms of human illness and economic costs. Human illness most commonly results from eating contaminated foods, which are frequently of animal origin, i.e. meat, milk and eggs. Meat and milk can become contaminated with Salmonella bacteria when faeces from an infected animal come into contact with meat during slaughter or milk during milking. Eggs may become contaminated by contact with faeces from infected hens during laying, or through Salmonella infection of an infected hen's reproductive tract. Salmonella bacteria also cause illness and production losses in animals.
Livestock can become infected with Salmonella bacteria through consumption of contaminated feed. Sources of contamination of feeds include both the raw materials used to prepare the feed and environmental contamination from infected insects, birds, rodents, and other animals that may come into contact with the feed before or after preparation. All feeds may contain Salmonella bacteria but some feeds and feed ingredients, such as rendered products, fish meals, oilseed meals, and mash feeds typically are contaminated with Salmonella bacteria more frequently than others, so these feed types are sampled more repeatedly by the CFIA.
In this monitoring program, the sample analyses to detect and identify the Salmonella bacteria are conducted by the CFIA at the Ottawa Laboratory Carling. Detection of Salmonella in any feed sample is considered as non-compliant and regulatory actions are taken to mitigate the risk of the contaminated feed.
Sample results by fiscal year (April 1 to March 31)
A total of 14,624 samples were collected for analysis under this program from April 1, 1989, to March 31, 2018. Table 1 presents a summary of the number of feed samples tested, and the testing results, by fiscal year. The overall sample compliance level for feed samples collected under this program across all years was 87.8%, with levels ranging from 79.3% to 96.0% per fiscal year. While a trend towards increasing compliance over time appears to be present in these data, this information should not be interpreted as evidence of decreasing Salmonella bacterial prevalence in feeds over the years of this study. Factors such as the number of samples by feed type targeted by this program have changed over the years, making year-by-year result incomparable.
Fiscal year | Number of samples | Number of non-compliant samples | Number of compliant samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|
1989-1990 | 779 | 128 | 651 | 83.6 |
1990-1991 | 913 | 184 | 729 | 79.9 |
1991-1992 | 762 | 141 | 621 | 81.5 |
1992-1993 | 918 | 185 | 733 | 79.9 |
1993-1994 | 735 | 152 | 583 | 79.3 |
1994-1995 | 759 | 115 | 644 | 84.9 |
1995-1996 | 702 | 80 | 622 | 88.6 |
1996-1997 | 690 | 72 | 618 | 89.6 |
1997-1998 | 577 | 80 | 497 | 86.1 |
1998-1999 | 578 | 65 | 513 | 88.8 |
1999-2000 | 452 | 53 | 399 | 88.3 |
2000-2001 | 417 | 42 | 375 | 89.9 |
2001-2002 | 388 | 23 | 365 | 94.1 |
2002-2003 | 445 | 28 | 417 | 93.7 |
2003-2004 | 452 | 49 | 403 | 89.2 |
2004-2005 | 417 | 37 | 380 | 91.1 |
2005-2006 | 326 | 23 | 303 | 92.9 |
2006-2007 | 387 | 28 | 359 | 92.8 |
2007-2008 | 418 | 36 | 382 | 91.4 |
2008-2009 | 433 | 37 | 396 | 91.5 |
2009-2010 | 344 | 33 | 311 | 90.4 |
2010-2011 | 339 | 17 | 322 | 95.0 |
2011-2012 | 377 | 15 | 362 | 96.0 |
2012-2013 | 377 | 33 | 344 | 91.2 |
2013-2014 | 331 | 28 | 303 | 91.5 |
2014-2015 | 369 | 34 | 335 | 90.8 |
2015-2016 | 296 | 18 | 278 | 93.9 |
2016-2017 | 302 | 22 | 280 | 92.7 |
2017-2018 | 341 | 28 | 313 | 91.8 |
Total | 14,624 | 1,786 | 12,838 | 87.8 |
Evaluation of feed sample compliance by CFIA area
Table 2 presents a summary of compliance results for the 14,624 samples collected from April 1, 1989, to March 31, 2018, organized by the CFIA area from which the samples were collected. It should be noted that the area where a feed was sampled is not necessarily the same as the area in which the feed was produced. The number of samples collected was proportional to the number of feed producers in each area. Differences in sample compliance levels observed between areas are likely due to regional differences in the types of feeds sampled in these areas, as the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria may differ significantly between different feed types. Table 1 of Appendix I presents compliance results for feed samples by area for each fiscal year (April 1 to March 31).
Area | Number of samples | Number of non-compliant samples | Number of compliant samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Atlantic | 1,125 | 129 | 996 | 88.5 |
Quebec | 5,272 | 416 | 4,856 | 92.1 |
Ontario | 4,090 | 501 | 3,589 | 87.8 |
Western | 4,137 | 740 | 3,397 | 82.1 |
National | 14,624 | 1,786 | 12,838 | 87.8 |
Evaluation of feed sample compliance by feed type
Table 3A presents a summary of the number of feed samples collected and the compliance results by feed type. The majority of the 14,624 samples collected from April 1, 1989, to March 31, 2016, were complete feeds, feed supplements, and single ingredient feeds. Trace mineral salt and converter feeds were not represented. Table 2-A of Appendix I presents compliance results for feed samples by feed type for each fiscal year (April 1 to March 31).
Feed Type | Number of samples | Number of non-compliant samples | Number of compliant samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Complete feed | 7,372 | 557 | 6,815 | 92.4 |
Supplement | 1,419 | 276 | 1,143 | 80.5 |
Macro-premix | 332 | 33 | 299 | 90.1 |
Mineral feed | 34 | 2 | 32 | 94.1 |
Micro-premix | 48 | 7 | 41 | 85.4 |
Specialty product | 153 | 7 | 146 | 95.4 |
Single ingredient feed | 5,142 | 894 | 4,248 | 82.6 |
Others | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
Unknown | 120 | 10 | 110 | 91.7 |
Total | 14,624 | 1786 | 12,838 | 87.8 |
Evaluation of feed sample compliance by single ingredient type
The single ingredient category is very diverse and for this report the single ingredients have been classified in the categories shown in Table 3B.
Single Ingredient Type | Number of samples | Number of non-compliant samples | Number of compliant samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grains and oilseeds Table Note 1 | 276 | 6 | 270 | 97.8 |
Grain by-products Table Note 2 | 147 | 4 | 143 | 97.3 |
Plant protein products Table Note 3 | 395 | 54 | 341 | 86.3 |
Animal by-products Table Note 4 | 587 | 104 | 483 | 82.3 |
Recycled food products Table Note 5 | 172 | 1 | 171 | 99.4 |
Others | 16 | 1 | 15 | 93.8 |
Total | 1,593 | 170 | 1,423 | 89.3 |
Evaluation of feed sample compliance by target species
Table 4 presents a summary of the number of feed samples collected and the compliance results by the target species of the feed sampled. Multiple species feeds, which are predominantly SIFs, were sampled most frequently, but large numbers of samples from specific feeds for chickens, swine, and cattle (dairy and beef) were also collected. Table 3-A in Appendix I presents compliance results for feed samples by target species for each fiscal year (April 1 to March 31).
Target Species | Number of samples | Number of non-compliant samples | Number of compliant samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Layer chickens | 2,297 | 237 | 2,060 | 89.7 |
Broiler chickens | 1,755 | 163 | 1,592 | 90.7 |
Turkey | 349 | 32 | 317 | 90.8 |
Swine | 2,125 | 249 | 1,876 | 88.3 |
Dairy cattle | 1,558 | 104 | 1,454 | 93.3 |
Beef cattle | 565 | 35 | 530 | 93.8 |
Sheep | 72 | 3 | 69 | 95.8 |
Miscellaneous | 487 | 50 | 437 | 89.7 |
Multiple species | 5,295 | 903 | 4,392 | 82.9 |
Others | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
Unknown | 119 | 10 | 109 | 91.6 |
Total | 14,624 | 1,786 | 12,838 | 87.8 |
Evaluation of serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feed samples
Table 5 presents a summary of the Salmonella bacteria serotypes isolated from feed samples collected from 1989-90 to 2017-18. Salmonella bacteria were detected in 1,786 of the 14,624 feed samples collected during this period. The serotyping of these isolates was performed by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). A total of 117 serotypes were identified from 1,786 isolates (Salmonella species taxonomy and serotype names are reviewed in Appendix II), while 360 isolates were of unknown serotype and 8 isolates were found untypable. The serotype composition within the Salmonella bacteria isolated from feed was highly diverse. This is likely a reflection of the multiple sources of Salmonella contamination in feed.
Serotype | Number of isolates | % of Total Salmonella isolates represented by serotype |
---|---|---|
Senftenberg | 190 | 10.64 |
Mbandaka | 149 | 8.34 |
Tennessee | 87 | 4.87 |
Montevideo | 86 | 4.82 |
Schwarzengrund | 79 | 4.42 |
Johannesburg | 62 | 3.47 |
Anatum | 52 | 2.91 |
Infantis | 49 | 2.74 |
Agona | 47 | 2.63 |
Havana | 39 | 2.18 |
Livingstone | 38 | 2.13 |
Orion | 34 | 1.90 |
Worthington | 34 | 1.90 |
Ohio | 30 | 1.68 |
Cerro | 28 | 1.57 |
Oranienburg | 28 | 1.57 |
Cubana | 26 | 1.46 |
Thompson | 24 | 1.34 |
Typhimurium | 20 | 1.12 |
Banana | 18 | 1.01 |
California | 17 | 0.95 |
Brandenburg | 12 | 0.67 |
Muenster | 12 | 0.67 |
Heidelberg | 11 | 0.62 |
Kentucky | 11 | 0.62 |
Meleagridis | 11 | 0.62 |
Rissen | 11 | 0.62 |
Bredeney | 10 | 0.56 |
London | 9 | 0.50 |
Newport | 8 | 0.45 |
Java | 7 | 0.39 |
Rubislaw | 7 | 0.39 |
Alachua | 6 | 0.34 |
Braenderup | 6 | 0.34 |
Give | 6 | 0.34 |
Orion var 15+ 34+ | 6 | 0.34 |
Amsterdam | 5 | 0.28 |
Enteritidis | 5 | 0.28 |
Hadar | 5 | 0.28 |
Taksony | 5 | 0.28 |
Thomasville | 5 | 0.28 |
Amsterdam var. 15+34+ | 4 | 0.22 |
Hartford | 4 | 0.22 |
Newlington | 4 | 0.22 |
Uganda | 4 | 0.22 |
Urbana | 4 | 0.22 |
Derby | 3 | 0.17 |
I:15:z10:- | 3 | 0.17 |
I:Rough-O:d:1,7 | 3 | 0.17 |
Lexington | 3 | 0.17 |
Lille | 3 | 0.17 |
Minnesota | 3 | 0.17 |
Putten | 3 | 0.17 |
Westhampton | 3 | 0.17 |
I:ROUGH-O:b:e,n,x | 2 | 0.11 |
:19:r:- | 2 | 0.11 |
Abony | 2 | 0.11 |
Amager | 2 | 0.11 |
Anatum var 15+ | 2 | 0.11 |
Arkansas | 2 | 0.11 |
Bareilly | 2 | 0.11 |
Ealing | 2 | 0.11 |
I: rough -O:z4,z23:- | 2 | 0.11 |
I:6,7:b:- | 2 | 0.11 |
I:6,7:z10:- | 2 | 0.11 |
I:Rough-0:z29:- | 2 | 0.11 |
I:Rough-O:-:- | 2 | 0.11 |
Ohio var 14+ | 2 | 0.11 |
Soerenga | 2 | 0.11 |
Tennessee var 14+ | 2 | 0.11 |
l:10:-:1,6 | 1 | 0.06 |
1:4,12:B | 1 | 0.06 |
Adelaide | 1 | 0.06 |
Berta | 1 | 0.06 |
Binza | 1 | 0.06 |
Chester | 1 | 0.06 |
Gaminara | 1 | 0.06 |
Haardt | 1 | 0.06 |
I: :r:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:10:e,h:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:19:-:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:19:-:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:28:y:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:4,12:-:1,7 | 1 | 0.06 |
I:4,12:b:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:4,12:d:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:4,5,12:b:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:4,5,12:i:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:40:-:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:42:z4,z23:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:42:z4,z23:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:6,7,14:z10:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:Rough-O:m,t:- | 1 | 0.06 |
I:Rough-O:r:- | 1 | 0.06 |
Idikan | 1 | 0.06 |
Indiana | 1 | 0.06 |
l:10:-:1,5 | 1 | 0.06 |
l:4,12:d:- | 1 | 0.06 |
Liverpool | 1 | 0.06 |
Livingstone var 14+1 | 1 | 0.06 |
Llandoff | 1 | 0.06 |
Mbandaka var14+ | 1 | 0.06 |
Molade | 1 | 0.06 |
Muenchen | 1 | 0.06 |
Muenster var.15+34+ | 1 | 0.06 |
Orion var. 15+ | 1 | 0.06 |
Othmarschen | 1 | 0.06 |
Ouakam | 1 | 0.06 |
Pomona | 1 | 0.06 |
Putten | 1 | 0.06 |
Reading | 1 | 0.06 |
Sandiego | 1 | 0.06 |
species I:4,5,12:b:- | 1 | 0.06 |
species I:8,20:z10:- | 1 | 0.06 |
Tado | 1 | 0.06 |
Typhimurium phagetype 170 | 1 | 0.06 |
Vom | 1 | 0.06 |
Untypable (-:-:-:-) | 8 | 0.45 |
Unknown/inconnu* | 360 | 20.16 |
Total | 1,786 | 100.00 |
Appendix I: Salmonella testing of feed samples by fiscal year and CFIA area
Fiscal Year | Area | Number of Samples | Number of non-compliant samples | Number of compliant samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989-1990 | Atlantic | 98 | 13 | 85 | 86.7 |
1989-1990 | Quebec | 213 | 22 | 191 | 89.7 |
1989-1990 | Ontario | 201 | 38 | 163 | 81.1 |
1989-1990 | Western | 267 | 55 | 212 | 79.4 |
1989-1990 | Total | 779 | 128 | 651 | 83.6 |
1990-1991 | Atlantic | 143 | 19 | 124 | 86.7 |
1990-1991 | Quebec | 188 | 26 | 162 | 86.2 |
1990-1991 | Ontario | 262 | 42 | 220 | 84 |
1990-1991 | Western | 320 | 97 | 223 | 69.7 |
1990-1991 | Total | 913 | 184 | 729 | 79.9 |
1991-1992 | Atlantic | 93 | 18 | 75 | 80.7 |
1991-1992 | Quebec | 274 | 33 | 241 | 88 |
1991-1992 | Ontario | 185 | 39 | 146 | 78.9 |
1991-1992 | Western | 210 | 51 | 159 | 75.7 |
1991-1992 | Total | 762 | 141 | 621 | 81.5 |
1992-1993 | Atlantic | 67 | 11 | 56 | 83.6 |
1992-1993 | Quebec | 308 | 40 | 268 | 87 |
1992-1993 | Ontario | 309 | 65 | 244 | 79 |
1992-1993 | Western | 234 | 69 | 165 | 70.5 |
1992-1993 | Total | 918 | 185 | 733 | 79.9 |
1993-1994 | Atlantic | 46 | 4 | 42 | 91.3 |
1993-1994 | Quebec | 227 | 35 | 192 | 84.6 |
1993-1994 | Ontario | 281 | 58 | 223 | 79.4 |
1993-1994 | Western | 181 | 55 | 126 | 69.6 |
1993-1994 | Total | 735 | 152 | 583 | 79.3 |
1994-1995 | Atlantic | 48 | 4 | 44 | 91.7 |
1994-1995 | Quebec | 268 | 25 | 243 | 90.7 |
1994-1995 | Ontario | 255 | 39 | 216 | 84.7 |
1994-1995 | Western | 188 | 47 | 141 | 75 |
1994-1995 | Total | 759 | 115 | 644 | 84.9 |
1995-1996 | Atlantic | 45 | 9 | 36 | 80 |
1995-1996 | Quebec | 237 | 21 | 216 | 91.1 |
1995-1996 | Ontario | 240 | 18 | 222 | 92.5 |
1995-1996 | Western | 180 | 32 | 148 | 82.2 |
1995-1996 | Total | 702 | 80 | 622 | 88.6 |
1996-1997 | Atlantic | 48 | 8 | 40 | 83.3 |
1996-1997 | Quebec | 284 | 20 | 264 | 93 |
1996-1997 | Ontario | 207 | 16 | 191 | 92.3 |
1996-1997 | Western | 151 | 28 | 123 | 81.5 |
1996-1997 | Total | 690 | 72 | 618 | 89.6 |
1997-1998 | Atlantic | 42 | 4 | 38 | 90.5 |
1997-1998 | Quebec | 237 | 24 | 213 | 89.9 |
1997-1998 | Ontario | 134 | 15 | 119 | 88.8 |
1997-1998 | Western | 164 | 37 | 127 | 77.4 |
1997-1998 | Total | 577 | 80 | 497 | 86.1 |
1998-1999 | Atlantic | 39 | 7 | 32 | 82.1 |
1998-1999 | Quebec | 198 | 10 | 188 | 95 |
1998-1999 | Ontario | 195 | 21 | 174 | 89.2 |
1998-1999 | Western | 146 | 27 | 119 | 81.5 |
1998-1999 | Total | 578 | 65 | 513 | 88.8 |
1999-2000 | Atlantic | 29 | 4 | 25 | 86.2 |
1999-2000 | Quebec | 187 | 9 | 178 | 95.2 |
1999-2000 | Ontario | 116 | 24 | 92 | 79.3 |
1999-2000 | Western | 120 | 16 | 104 | 86.7 |
1999-2000 | Total | 452 | 53 | 399 | 88.3 |
2000-2001 | Atlantic | 26 | 2 | 24 | 92.3 |
2000-2001 | Quebec | 185 | 4 | 181 | 97.8 |
2000-2001 | Ontario | 93 | 18 | 75 | 80.6 |
2000-2001 | Western | 113 | 18 | 95 | 84.1 |
2000-2001 | Total | 417 | 42 | 375 | 89.9 |
2001-2002 | Atlantic | 28 | 1 | 27 | 96.4 |
2001-2002 | Quebec | 141 | 1 | 140 | 99.3 |
2001-2002 | Ontario | 103 | 14 | 89 | 86.4 |
2001-2002 | Western | 116 | 7 | 109 | 94.0 |
2001-2002 | Total | 388 | 23 | 365 | 94.1 |
2002-2003 | Atlantic | 21 | 1 | 20 | 95.2 |
2002-2003 | Quebec | 171 | 7 | 164 | 95.9 |
2002-2003 | Ontario | 94 | 9 | 85 | 90.4 |
2002-2003 | Western | 159 | 11 | 148 | 93.1 |
2002-2003 | Total | 445 | 28 | 417 | 93.7 |
2003-2004 | Atlantic | 37 | 10 | 27 | 73.0 |
2003-2004 | Quebec | 184 | 13 | 171 | 92.9 |
2003-2004 | Ontario | 82 | 5 | 77 | 93.9 |
2003-2004 | Western | 149 | 21 | 128 | 85.9 |
2003-2004 | Total | 452 | 49 | 403 | 89.2 |
2004-2005 | Atlantic | 17 | 3 | 14 | 82.4 |
2004-2005 | Quebec | 179 | 13 | 166 | 92.7 |
2004-2005 | Ontario | 93 | 4 | 89 | 95.7 |
2004-2005 | Western | 128 | 17 | 111 | 86.7 |
2004-2005 | Total | 417 | 37 | 380 | 91.1 |
2005-2006 | Atlantic | 11 | 1 | 10 | 90.9 |
2005-2006 | Quebec | 166 | 6 | 160 | 96.4 |
2005-2006 | Ontario | 45 | 3 | 42 | 93.3 |
2005-2006 | Western | 104 | 13 | 91 | 87.5 |
2005-2006 | Total | 326 | 23 | 303 | 92.9 |
2006-2007 | Atlantic | 19 | 3 | 16 | 84.2 |
2006-2007 | Quebec | 152 | 10 | 142 | 93.4 |
2006-2007 | Ontario | 86 | 3 | 83 | 96.5 |
2006-2007 | Western | 130 | 12 | 118 | 90.8 |
2006-2007 | Total | 387 | 28 | 359 | 92.8 |
2007-2008 | Atlantic | 22 | 0 | 22 | 100.0 |
2007-2008 | Quebec | 183 | 11 | 172 | 94.0 |
2007-2008 | Ontario | 103 | 13 | 90 | 87.4 |
2007-2008 | Western | 110 | 12 | 98 | 89.1 |
2007-2008 | Total | 418 | 36 | 382 | 91.4 |
2008-2009 | Atlantic | 28 | 1 | 27 | 96.4 |
2008-2009 | Quebec | 177 | 15 | 162 | 91.5 |
2008-2009 | Ontario | 120 | 8 | 112 | 93.3 |
2008-2009 | Western | 108 | 13 | 95 | 88.0 |
2008-2009 | Total | 433 | 37 | 396 | 91.5 |
2009-2010 | Atlantic | 24 | 1 | 23 | 95.8 |
2009-2010 | Quebec | 124 | 9 | 115 | 92.7 |
2009-2010 | Ontario | 85 | 2 | 83 | 97.6 |
2009-2010 | Western | 111 | 21 | 90 | 81.1 |
2009-2010 | Total | 344 | 33 | 311 | 90.4 |
2010-2011 | Atlantic | 27 | 1 | 26 | 96.3 |
2010-2011 | Quebec | 135 | 2 | 133 | 98.5 |
2010-2011 | Ontario | 97 | 4 | 93 | 95.9 |
2010-2011 | Western | 80 | 10 | 70 | 87.5 |
2010-2011 | Total | 339 | 17 | 322 | 95.0 |
2011-2012 | Atlantic | 32 | 1 | 31 | 96.9 |
2011-2012 | Quebec | 133 | 2 | 131 | 98.5 |
2011-2012 | Ontario | 119 | 3 | 116 | 97.5 |
2011-2012 | Western | 93 | 9 | 84 | 90.3 |
2011-2012 | Total | 377 | 15 | 362 | 96.0 |
2012-2013 | Atlantic | 25 | 0 | 25 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Quebec | 121 | 10 | 111 | 91.7 |
2012-2013 | Ontario | 121 | 9 | 112 | 92.6 |
2012-2013 | Western | 110 | 14 | 96 | 87.3 |
2012-2013 | Total | 377 | 33 | 344 | 91.2 |
2013-2014 | Atlantic | 26 | 1 | 25 | 96.2 |
2013-2014 | Quebec | 114 | 6 | 108 | 94.7 |
2013-2014 | Ontario | 92 | 9 | 83 | 90.2 |
2013-2014 | Western | 99 | 12 | 87 | 87.9 |
2013-2014 | Total | 331 | 28 | 303 | 91.5 |
2014-2015 | Atlantic | 17 | 1 | 16 | 94.1 |
2014-2015 | Quebec | 161 | 16 | 145 | 90.1 |
2014-2015 | Ontario | 85 | 8 | 77 | 90.6 |
2014-2015 | Western | 106 | 9 | 97 | 91.5 |
2014-2015 | Total | 369 | 34 | 335 | 90.8 |
2015-2016 | Atlantic | 19 | 0 | 19 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Quebec | 100 | 7 | 93 | 93.0 |
2015-2016 | Ontario | 82 | 2 | 80 | 97.6 |
2015-2016 | Western | 95 | 9 | 86 | 90.5 |
2015-2016 | Total | 296 | 18 | 278 | 93.9 |
2016-2017 | Atlantic | 24 | 0 | 24 | 100.0 |
2016-2017 | Quebec | 93 | 11 | 82 | 88.2 |
2016-2017 | Ontario | 107 | 4 | 103 | 96.3 |
2016-2017 | Western | 78 | 7 | 71 | 91.0 |
2016-2017 | Total | 302 | 22 | 280 | 92.7 |
2017-2018 | Atlantic | 24 | 1 | 23 | 95.8 |
2017-2018 | Quebec | 132 | 8 | 124 | 93.9 |
2017-2018 | Ontario | 98 | 8 | 90 | 91.8 |
2017-2018 | Western | 87 | 11 | 76 | 87.4 |
2017-2018 | Total | 341 | 28 | 313 | 91.8 |
1989-2018 | Total | 14,624 | 1,786 | 12,838 | 87.8 |
Salmonella testing of feed samples by fiscal year and feed type
Fiscal Year | Feed Type | Number of Samples | Number of Non-compliant Samples | Number of Compliant Samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989-1990 | Complete feed | 349 | 28 | 321 | 92 |
1989-1990 | Supplement | 135 | 40 | 95 | 70.4 |
1989-1990 | Macro-premix | 20 | 4 | 16 | 80 |
1989-1990 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100 |
1989-1990 | Specialty product | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100 |
1989-1990 | Single ingredient feed | 268 | 56 | 212 | 79.1 |
1989-1990 | Total | 779 | 128 | 651 | 83.6 |
1990-1991 | Complete feed | 343 | 30 | 313 | 91.3 |
1990-1991 | Supplement | 171 | 51 | 120 | 70.2 |
1990-1991 | Macro-premix | 23 | 1 | 22 | 95.7 |
1990-1991 | Mineral feed | 4 | 1 | 3 | 75 |
1990-1991 | Specialty product | 7 | 1 | 6 | 85.7 |
1990-1991 | Single ingredient feed | 365 | 100 | 265 | 72.6 |
1990-1991 | Total | 913 | 184 | 729 | 79.9 |
1991-1992 | Complete feed | 331 | 33 | 298 | 90 |
1991-1992 | Supplement | 86 | 16 | 70 | 81.4 |
1991-1992 | Macro-premix | 34 | 8 | 26 | 76.5 |
1991-1992 | Specialty product | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100 |
1991-1992 | Single ingredient feed | 306 | 84 | 222 | 72.6 |
1991-1992 | Total | 762 | 141 | 621 | 81.5 |
1992-1993 | Complete feed | 473 | 64 | 409 | 86.5 |
1992-1993 | Supplement | 99 | 33 | 66 | 66.7 |
1992-1993 | Macro-premix | 26 | 4 | 22 | 84.6 |
1992-1993 | Micro-premix | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
1992-1993 | Specialty product | 2 | 1 | 1 | 50 |
1992-1993 | Single ingredient feed | 316 | 81 | 235 | 74.4 |
1992-1993 | Total | 918 | 185 | 733 | 79.9 |
1993-1994 | Complete feed | 380 | 60 | 320 | 84.2 |
1993-1994 | Supplement | 78 | 22 | 56 | 71.8 |
1993-1994 | Macro-premix | 20 | 3 | 17 | 85 |
1993-1994 | Mineral feed | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1993-1994 | Specialty product | 4 | 1 | 3 | 75 |
1993-1994 | Single ingredient feed | 252 | 66 | 186 | 73.8 |
1993-1994 | Total | 735 | 152 | 583 | 79.3 |
1994-1995 | Complete feed | 368 | 29 | 339 | 92.1 |
1994-1995 | Supplement | 88 | 19 | 69 | 78.4 |
1994-1995 | Macro-premix | 33 | 3 | 30 | 90.9 |
1994-1995 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1994-1995 | Specialty product | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100 |
1994-1995 | Single ingredient feed | 267 | 64 | 203 | 76 |
1994-1995 | Total | 759 | 115 | 644 | 84.9 |
1995-1996 | Complete feed | 365 | 22 | 343 | 94 |
1995-1996 | Supplement | 98 | 20 | 78 | 79.6 |
1995-1996 | Macro-premix | 21 | 3 | 18 | 85.7 |
1995-1996 | Mineral feed | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1995-1996 | Micro-premix | 4 | 3 | 1 | 25 |
1995-1996 | Specialty product | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100 |
1995-1996 | Single ingredient feed | 209 | 32 | 177 | 84.7 |
1995-1996 | Total | 702 | 80 | 622 | 88.6 |
1996-1997 | Complete feed | 385 | 27 | 358 | 93 |
1996-1997 | Supplement | 71 | 12 | 59 | 83.1 |
1996-1997 | Macro-premix | 21 | 1 | 20 | 95.2 |
1996-1997 | Micro-premix | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100 |
1996-1997 | Specialty product | 10 | 0 | 10 | 100 |
1996-1997 | Single ingredient feed | 201 | 32 | 169 | 84.1 |
1996 -1997 | Total | 690 | 72 | 618 | 89.6 |
1997-1998 | Complete feed | 309 | 24 | 285 | 92.2 |
1997-1998 | Supplement | 55 | 11 | 44 | 80 |
1997-1998 | Macro-premix | 16 | 0 | 16 | 100 |
1997-1998 | Specialty product | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100 |
1997-1998 | Single ingredient feed | 192 | 45 | 147 | 76.6 |
1997-1998 | Total | 577 | 80 | 497 | 86.1 |
1998-1999 | Complete feed | 352 | 26 | 326 | 92.6 |
1998-1999 | Supplement | 39 | 7 | 32 | 82.1 |
1998-1999 | Macro-premix | 11 | 2 | 9 | 81.8 |
1998-1999 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1998-1999 | Specialty product | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
1998-1999 | Single ingredient feed | 173 | 28 | 145 | 83.8 |
1998-1999 | Total | 578 | 65 | 513 | 88.8 |
1999-2000 | Complete feed | 230 | 10 | 220 | 95.7 |
1999-2000 | Supplement | 49 | 9 | 40 | 81.6 |
1999-2000 | Macro-premix | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100 |
1999-2000 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1999-2000 | Specialty product | 12 | 0 | 12 | 100 |
1999-2000 | Single ingredient feed | 156 | 34 | 122 | 78.2 |
1999-2000 | Total | 452 | 53 | 399 | 88.3 |
2000-2001 | Complete feed | 221 | 13 | 208 | 94.1 |
2000-2001 | Supplement | 32 | 6 | 26 | 81.3 |
2000-2001 | Macro-premix | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Mineral feed | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 |
2000-2001 | Micro-premix | 3 | 1 | 2 | 66.7 |
2000-2001 | Specialty product | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Others | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Unknown | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Single ingredient feed | 146 | 21 | 125 | 85.6 |
2000-2001 | Total | 417 | 42 | 375 | 89.9 |
2001-2002 | Complete feed | 225 | 10 | 215 | 95.6 |
2001-2002 | Supplement | 24 | 1 | 23 | 95.8 |
2001-2002 | Macro-premix | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Micro-premix | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Specialty product | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Single ingredient feed | 116 | 12 | 104 | 89.7 |
2001-2002 | Unknown | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Total | 388 | 23 | 365 | 94.1 |
2002-2003 | Complete feed | 281 | 12 | 269 | 95.7 |
2002-2003 | Supplement | 36 | 5 | 31 | 86.1 |
2002-2003 | Macro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Specialty product | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Single ingredient feed | 107 | 11 | 96 | 89.7 |
2002-2003 | Unknown | 13 | 0 | 13 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Total | 445 | 28 | 417 | 93.7 |
2003-2004 | Complete feed | 269 | 22 | 247 | 91.8 |
2003-2004 | Supplement | 20 | 2 | 18 | 90.0 |
2003-2004 | Macro-premix | 6 | 1 | 5 | 83.3 |
2003-2004 | Specialty product | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2003-2004 | Single ingredient feed | 134 | 20 | 114 | 85.1 |
2003-2004 | Converter feed | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2003-2004 | Unknown | 19 | 4 | 15 | 78.9 |
2003-2004 | Total | 452 | 49 | 403 | 89.2 |
2004-2005 | Complete feed | 255 | 23 | 232 | 91.0 |
2004-2005 | Supplement | 27 | 2 | 25 | 92.6 |
2004-2005 | Macro-premix | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2004-2005 | Mineral feed | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2004-2005 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2004-2005 | Specialty product | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2004-2005 | Single ingredient feed | 111 | 11 | 100 | 90.1 |
2004-2005 | Unknown | 16 | 1 | 15 | 93.8 |
2004-2005 | Total | 417 | 37 | 380 | 91.1 |
2005-2006 | Complete feed | 170 | 9 | 161 | 94.7 |
2005-2006 | Supplement | 27 | 1 | 26 | 96.3 |
2005-2006 | Macro-premix | 8 | 0 | 8 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Specialty product | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Single ingredient feed | 101 | 13 | 88 | 87.1 |
2005-2006 | Unknown | 17 | 0 | 17 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Total | 326 | 23 | 303 | 92.9 |
2006-2007 | Complete feed | 206 | 11 | 195 | 94.7 |
2006-2007 | Supplement | 20 | 1 | 19 | 95.0 |
2006-2007 | Macro-premix | 4 | 1 | 3 | 75.0 |
2006-2007 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2006-2007 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2006-2007 | Specialty product | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2006-2007 | Single ingredient feed | 129 | 14 | 115 | 89.1 |
2006-2007 | Unknown | 22 | 1 | 21 | 95.5 |
2006-2007 | Total | 387 | 28 | 359 | 92.8 |
2007-2008 | Complete feed | 201 | 13 | 188 | 93.5 |
2007-2008 | Supplement | 33 | 2 | 31 | 93.9 |
2007-2008 | Macro-premix | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2007-2008 | Specialty product | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2007-2008 | Single ingredient feed | 162 | 17 | 145 | 89.5 |
2007-2008 | Unknown | 15 | 4 | 11 | 73.3 |
2007-2008 | Total | 418 | 36 | 382 | 91.4 |
2008-2009 | Complete feed | 233 | 11 | 222 | 95.3 |
2008-2009 | Supplement | 26 | 1 | 25 | 96.2 |
2008-2009 | Macro-premix | 7 | 1 | 6 | 85.7 |
2008-2009 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2008-2009 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2008-2009 | Specialty product | 8 | 0 | 8 | 100.0 |
2008-2009 | Single ingredient feed | 154 | 24 | 130 | 84.4 |
2008-2009 | Unknown | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2008-2009 | Total | 433 | 37 | 396 | 91.5 |
2009-2010 | Complete feed | 143 | 14 | 129 | 90.2 |
2009-2010 | Supplement | 17 | 2 | 15 | 88.2 |
2009-2010 | Macro-premix | 10 | 1 | 9 | 90.0 |
2009-2010 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2009-2010 | Micro-premix | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2009-2010 | Specialty product | 9 | 0 | 9 | 100.0 |
2009-2010 | Single ingredient feed | 161 | 16 | 145 | 90.1 |
2009-2010 | Total | 344 | 33 | 311 | 90.4 |
2010-2011 | Complete feed | 168 | 5 | 163 | 97.0 |
2010-2011 | Supplement | 18 | 1 | 17 | 94.4 |
2010-2011 | Macro-premix | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2010-2011 | Mineral feed | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2010-2011 | Micro-premix | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2010-2011 | Specialty product | 8 | 0 | 8 | 100.0 |
2010-2011 | Single ingredient feed | 133 | 11 | 122 | 91.7 |
2010-2011 | Total | 339 | 17 | 322 | 95.0 |
2011-2012 | Complete feed | 176 | 6 | 170 | 96.6 |
2011-2012 | Supplement | 25 | 1 | 24 | 96.0 |
2011-2012 | Macro-premix | 11 | 0 | 11 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Mineral feed | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Micro-premix | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Specialty product | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Single ingredient feed | 154 | 8 | 146 | 94.8 |
2011-2012 | Unknown | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Total | 377 | 15 | 362 | 96.0 |
2012-2013 | Complete feed | 185 | 10 | 175 | 94.6 |
2012-2013 | Supplement | 20 | 1 | 19 | 95.0 |
2012-2013 | Macro-premix | 9 | 0 | 9 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Mineral feed | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Micro-premix | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Mineral feed trace | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Specialty product | 8 | 1 | 7 | 87.5 |
2012-2013 | Single ingredient feed | 146 | 21 | 125 | 85.6 |
2012-2013 | Unknown | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Total | 377 | 33 | 344 | 91.2 |
2013-2014 | Complete feed | 127 | 7 | 120 | 94.5 |
2013-2014 | Supplement | 28 | 3 | 25 | 89.3 |
2013-2014 | Macro-premix | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.0 |
2013-2014 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2013-2014 | Micro-premix | 3 | 1 | 2 | 66.7 |
2013-2014 | Specialty product | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2013-2014 | Single ingredient feed | 159 | 17 | 142 | 89.3 |
2013-2014 | Total | 331 | 28 | 303 | 91.5 |
2014-2015 | Complete feed | 157 | 8 | 149 | 94.9 |
2014-2015 | Supplement | 25 | 3 | 22 | 88.0 |
2014-2015 | Macro-premix | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Micro-premix | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Specialty product | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Single ingredient feed | 171 | 23 | 148 | 86.5 |
2014-2015 | Total | 369 | 34 | 335 | 90.8 |
2015-2016 | Complete feed | 145 | 8 | 137 | 94.5 |
2015-2016 | Supplement | 21 | 0 | 21 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Macro-premix | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Mineral feed | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Specialty product | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Single ingredient feed | 110 | 10 | 100 | 90.9 |
2015-2016 | Total | 296 | 18 | 278 | 93.9 |
2016-2017 | Complete feed | 153 | 12 | 141 | 92.2 |
2016-2017 | Supplement | 21 | 1 | 20 | 95.2 |
2016-2017 | Macro-premix | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2016-2017 | Micro-premix | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2016-2017 | Specialty product | 7 | 1 | 6 | 85.7 |
2016-2017 | Single ingredient feed | 117 | 8 | 109 | 93.2 |
2016-2017 | Total | 302 | 22 | 280 | 92.7 |
2017-2018 | Complete feed | 172 | 10 | 162 | 94.2 |
2017-2018 | Supplement | 30 | 3 | 27 | 90.0 |
2017-2018 | Macro-premix | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2017-2018 | Mineral feed | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2017-2018 | Micro-premix | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2017-2018 | Specialty product | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2017-2018 | Single ingredient feed | 126 | 15 | 111 | 88.1 |
2017-2018 | Total | 341 | 28 | 313 | 91.8 |
1989-2018 | Total | 14,624 | 1,786 | 12,838 | 87.8 |
Salmonella testing of feed samples by fiscal year and target species
Fiscal Year | Target Species | Number of Samples | Number of Non-compliant Samples | Number of Compliant Samples | Percentage of samples in compliance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989-1990 | Layer chickens | 132 | 21 | 111 | 84.1 |
1989-1990 | Broiler chickens | 110 | 12 | 98 | 89.1 |
1989-1990 | Turkey | 33 | 2 | 31 | 93.9 |
1989-1990 | Swine | 123 | 29 | 94 | 76.4 |
1989-1990 | Dairy cattle | 89 | 8 | 81 | 91 |
1989-1990 | Beef cattle | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100 |
1989-1990 | Sheep | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1989-1990 | Miscellaneous | 12 | 0 | 12 | 100 |
1989-1990 | Multiple species | 273 | 56 | 217 | 79.5 |
1989-1990 | Total | 779 | 128 | 651 | 83.6 |
1990-1991 | Layer chickens | 161 | 30 | 131 | 81.4 |
1990-1991 | Broiler chickens | 83 | 15 | 68 | 81.9 |
1990-1991 | Turkey | 27 | 2 | 25 | 92.6 |
1990-1991 | Swine | 135 | 30 | 105 | 77.8 |
1990-1991 | Dairy cattle | 92 | 5 | 87 | 94.6 |
1990-1991 | Beef cattle | 25 | 2 | 23 | 92 |
1990-1991 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100 |
1990-1991 | Miscellaneous | 15 | 0 | 15 | 100 |
1990-1991 | Multiple species | 373 | 100 | 273 | 73.2 |
1991-1991 | Total | 913 | 184 | 729 | 79.9 |
1991-1992 | Layer chickens | 123 | 23 | 100 | 81.3 |
1991-1992 | Broiler chickens | 93 | 12 | 81 | 87.1 |
1991-1992 | Turkey | 25 | 2 | 23 | 92 |
1991-1992 | Swine | 104 | 15 | 89 | 85.6 |
1991-1992 | Dairy cattle | 80 | 4 | 76 | 95 |
1991-1992 | Beef cattle | 14 | 0 | 14 | 100 |
1991-1992 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100 |
1991-1992 | Miscellaneous | 11 | 1 | 10 | 90.9 |
1991-1992 | Multiple species | 310 | 84 | 226 | 72.9 |
1991-1992 | Total | 762 | 141 | 621 | 81.5 |
1992-1993 | Layer chickens | 162 | 32 | 130 | 80.3 |
1992-1993 | Broiler chickens | 138 | 14 | 124 | 89.9 |
1992-1993 | Turkey | 28 | 4 | 24 | 85.7 |
1992-1993 | Swine | 142 | 29 | 113 | 79.6 |
1992-1993 | Dairy cattle | 76 | 12 | 64 | 84.2 |
1992-1993 | Beef cattle | 23 | 3 | 20 | 87 |
1992-1993 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100 |
1992-1993 | Miscellaneous | 29 | 9 | 20 | 69 |
1992-1993 | Multiple species | 318 | 82 | 236 | 74.2 |
1992-1993 | Total | 918 | 185 | 733 | 79.9 |
1993-1994 | Layer chickens | 114 | 17 | 97 | 85.1 |
1993-1994 | Broiler chickens | 102 | 18 | 84 | 82.4 |
1993-1994 | Turkey | 32 | 10 | 22 | 68.8 |
1993-1994 | Swine | 129 | 25 | 104 | 80.6 |
1993-1994 | Dairy cattle | 73 | 9 | 64 | 87.7 |
1993-1994 | Beef cattle | 15 | 3 | 12 | 80 |
1993-1994 | Miscellaneous | 16 | 3 | 13 | 81.3 |
1993-1994 | Multiple species | 254 | 67 | 187 | 73.6 |
1993-1994 | Total | 735 | 152 | 583 | 79.3 |
1994-1995 | Layer chickens | 132 | 12 | 120 | 90.9 |
1994-1995 | Broiler chickens | 116 | 9 | 107 | 92.2 |
1994-1995 | Turkey | 22 | 0 | 22 | 100 |
1994-1995 | Swine | 117 | 17 | 100 | 85.5 |
1994-1995 | Dairy cattle | 66 | 6 | 60 | 90.9 |
1994-1995 | Beef cattle | 21 | 6 | 15 | 71.4 |
1994-1995 | Sheep | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100 |
1994-1995 | Miscellaneous | 10 | 1 | 9 |
90 |
1994-1995 | Multiple species | 269 | 64 | 205 | 76.2 |
1994-1995 | Total | 759 | 115 | 644 | 84.9 |
1995-1996 | Layer chickens | 125 | 7 | 118 | 94.4 |
1995-1996 | Broiler chickens | 106 | 12 | 94 | 88.7 |
1995-1996 | Turkey | 31 | 1 | 30 | 96.8 |
1995-1996 | Swine | 109 | 20 | 89 | 81.7 |
1995-1996 | Dairy cattle | 73 | 5 | 68 | 93.2 |
1995-1996 | Beef cattle | 30 | 0 | 30 | 100 |
1995-1996 | Miscellaneous | 16 | 3 | 13 | 81.3 |
1995-1996 | Multiple species | 212 | 32 | 180 | 84.9 |
1995-1996 | Total | 702 | 80 | 622 | 88.6 |
1996-1997 | Layer chickens | 124 | 10 | 114 | 91.9 |
1996-1997 | Broiler chickens | 115 | 13 | 102 | 88.7 |
1996-1997 | Turkey | 19 | 0 | 19 | 100 |
1996-1997 | Swine | 87 | 10 | 77 | 88.5 |
1996-1997 | Dairy cattle | 87 | 2 | 85 | 97.7 |
1996-1997 | Beef cattle | 26 | 2 | 24 | 92.3 |
1996-1997 | Sheep | 6 | 2 | 4 | 66.7 |
1996-1997 | Miscellaneous | 17 | 0 | 17 | 100 |
1996-1997 | Multiple species | 209 | 33 | 176 | 84.2 |
1996-1997 | Total | 690 | 72 | 618 | 89.6 |
1997-1998 | Layer chickens | 89 | 10 | 79 | 88.8 |
1997-1998 | Broiler chickens | 86 | 6 | 80 | 93 |
1997-1998 | Turkey | 12 | 1 | 11 | 91.7 |
1997-1998 | Swine | 80 | 8 | 72 | 90 |
1997-1998 | Dairy cattle | 80 | 7 | 73 | 91.3 |
1997-1998 | Beef cattle | 13 | 0 | 13 | 100 |
1997-1998 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100 |
1997-1998 | Miscellaneous | 18 | 3 | 15 | 83.3 |
1997-1998 | Multiple species | 197 | 45 | 152 | 77.2 |
1997-1998 | Total | 577 | 80 | 497 | 86.1 |
1998-1999 | Layer chickens | 101 | 11 | 90 | 89.1 |
1998-1999 | Broiler chickens | 94 | 6 | 88 | 93.6 |
1998-1999 | Turkey | 8 | 3 | 5 | 62.5 |
1998-1999 | Swine | 75 | 5 | 70 | 93.3 |
1998-1999 | Dairy cattle | 86 | 5 | 81 | 94.2 |
1998-1999 | Beef cattle | 18 | 3 | 15 | 83.3 |
1998-1999 | Sheep | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1998-1999 | Miscellaneous | 20 | 3 | 17 | 85 |
1998-1999 | Multiple species | 175 | 29 | 146 | 83.4 |
1998-1999 | Total | 578 | 65 | 513 | 88.8 |
1999-2000 | Layer chickens | 75 | 4 | 71 | 94.7 |
1999-2000 | Broiler chickens | 56 | 1 | 55 | 98.2 |
1999-2000 | Turkey | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100 |
1999-2000 | Swine | 56 | 6 | 50 | 89.3 |
1999-2000 | Dairy cattle | 57 | 5 | 52 | 91.2 |
1999-2000 | Beef cattle | 18 | 2 | 16 | 88.9 |
1999-2000 | Sheep | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
1999-2000 | Miscellaneous | 17 | 2 | 15 | 88.2 |
1999-2000 | Multiple species | 168 | 33 | 135 | 80.4 |
1999-2000 | Total | 452 | 53 | 399 | 88.3 |
2000-2001 | Layer chickens | 65 | 7 | 58 | 89.2 |
2000-2001 | Broiler chickens | 51 | 3 | 48 | 94.1 |
2000-2001 | Turkey | 12 | 0 | 12 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Swine | 62 | 7 | 55 | 88.7 |
2000-2001 | Dairy cattle | 36 | 1 | 35 | 97.2 |
2000-2001 | Beef cattle | 14 | 0 | 14 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Sheep | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Miscellaneous | 14 | 3 | 11 | 78.6 |
2000-2001 | Multiple species | 150 | 21 | 129 | 86.0 |
2000-2001 | Others | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Unknown | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2000-2001 | Total | 417 | 42 | 375 | 89.9 |
2001-2002 | Layer chickens | 69 | 5 | 64 | 92.8 |
2001-2002 | Broiler chickens | 42 | 1 | 41 | 97.6 |
2001-2002 | Turkey | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Swine | 62 | 2 | 60 | 96.8 |
2001-2002 | Dairy cattle | 40 | 0 | 40 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Beef cattle | 18 | 0 | 18 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Sheep | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Miscellaneous | 19 | 2 | 17 | 89.5 |
2001-2002 | Multiple species | 122 | 13 | 109 | 89.3 |
2001-2002 | Unknown | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2001-2002 | Total | 388 | 23 | 365 | 94.1 |
2002-2003 | Layer chickens | 88 | 3 | 85 | 96.6 |
2002-2003 | Broiler chickens | 57 | 4 | 53 | 93.0 |
2002-2003 | Turkey | 10 | 2 | 8 | 80.0 |
2002-2003 | Swine | 71 | 5 | 66 | 93.0 |
2002-2003 | Dairy cattle | 49 | 2 | 47 | 95.9 |
2002-2003 | Beef cattle | 23 | 0 | 23 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Sheep | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 |
2002-2003 | Miscellaneous | 14 | 0 | 14 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Multiple species | 119 | 11 | 108 | 90.8 |
2002-2003 | Unknown | 13 | 0 | 13 | 100.0 |
2002-2003 | Total | 445 | 28 | 417 | 93.7 |
2003-2004 | Layer chickens | 77 | 8 | 69 | 89.6 |
2003-2004 | Broiler chickens | 62 | 7 | 55 | 88.7 |
2003-2004 | Turkey | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.0 |
2003-2004 | Swine | 71 | 3 | 68 | 95.8 |
2003-2004 | Dairy cattle | 34 | 2 | 32 | 94.1 |
2003-2004 | Beef cattle | 25 | 0 | 25 | 100.0 |
2003-2004 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2003-2004 | Miscellaneous | 17 | 4 | 13 | 76.5 |
2003-2004 | Multiple species | 138 | 21 | 117 | 84.8 |
2003-2004 | Unknown | 19 | 4 | 15 | 78.9 |
2003-2004 | Total | 452 | 49 | 403 | 89.2 |
2004-2005 | Layer chickens | 87 | 8 | 79 | 90.8 |
2004-2005 | Broiler chickens | 44 | 4 | 40 | 90.9 |
2004-2005 | Turkey | 8 | 1 | 7 | 87.5 |
2004-2005 | Swine | 52 | 2 | 50 | 96.2 |
2004-2005 | Dairy cattle | 46 | 5 | 41 | 89.1 |
2004-2005 | Beef cattle | 23 | 4 | 19 | 82.6 |
2004-2005 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2004-2005 | Miscellaneous | 19 | 1 | 18 | 94.7 |
2004-2005 | Multiple species | 120 | 11 | 109 | 90.8 |
2004-2005 | Unknown | 16 | 1 | 15 | 93.8 |
2004-2005 | Total | 417 | 37 | 380 | 91.1 |
2005-2006 | Layer chickens | 55 | 1 | 54 | 98.2 |
2005-2006 | Broiler chickens | 42 | 5 | 37 | 88.1 |
2005-2006 | Turkey | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Swine | 42 | 2 | 40 | 95.2 |
2005-2006 | Dairy cattle | 41 | 0 | 41 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Beef cattle | 10 | 0 | 10 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Miscellaneous | 10 | 2 | 8 | 80.0 |
2005-2006 | Multiple species | 101 | 13 | 88 | 87.1 |
2005-2006 | Unknown | 17 | 0 | 17 | 100.0 |
2005-2006 | Total | 326 | 23 | 303 | 92.9 |
2006-2007 | Layer chickens | 38 | 4 | 34 | 89.5 |
2006-2007 | Broiler chickens | 32 | 2 | 30 | 93.8 |
2006-2007 | Turkey | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2006-2007 | Swine | 66 | 2 | 64 | 97.0 |
2006-2007 | Dairy cattle | 45 | 2 | 43 | 95.6 |
2006-2007 | Beef cattle | 22 | 1 | 21 | 95.5 |
2006-2007 | Sheep | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2006-2007 | Miscellaneous | 16 | 1 | 15 | 93.8 |
2006-2007 | Multiple species | 135 | 15 | 120 | 88.9 |
2006-2007 | Unknown | 22 | 1 | 21 | 95.5 |
2006-2007 | Total | 387 | 28 | 359 | 92.8 |
2007-2008 | Layer chickens | 38 | 2 | 36 | 94.7 |
2007-2008 | Broiler chickens | 29 | 2 | 27 | 93.1 |
2007-2008 | Turkey | 6 | 0 | 6 | 100.0 |
2007-2008 | Swine | 75 | 5 | 70 | 93.3 |
2007-2008 | Dairy cattle | 44 | 3 | 41 | 93.2 |
2007-2008 | Beef cattle | 21 | 1 | 20 | 95.2 |
2007-2008 | Miscellaneous | 23 | 2 | 21 | 91.3 |
2007-2008 | Multiple species | 167 | 17 | 150 | 89.8 |
2007-2008 | Unknown | 15 | 4 | 11 | 73.3 |
2007-2008 | Total | 418 | 36 | 382 | 91.4 |
2008-2009 | Layer chickens | 53 | 2 | 51 | 96.2 |
2008-2009 | Broiler chickens | 41 | 2 | 39 | 95.1 |
2008-2009 | Turkey | 11 | 1 | 10 | 90.9 |
2008-2009 | Swine | 56 | 3 | 53 | 94.6 |
2008-2009 | Dairy cattle | 43 | 2 | 41 | 95.3 |
2008-2009 | Beef cattle | 28 | 1 | 27 | 96.4 |
2008-2009 | Sheep | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2008-2009 | Miscellaneous | 30 | 2 | 28 | 93.3 |
2008-2009 | Multiple species | 165 | 24 | 141 | 85.5 |
2008-2009 | Unknown | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2008-2009 | Total | 433 | 37 | 396 | 91.5 |
2009-2010 | Layer chickens | 34 | 5 | 29 | 85.3 |
2009-2010 | Broiler chickens | 23 | 2 | 21 | 91.3 |
2009-2010 | Turkey | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2009-2010 | Swine | 45 | 6 | 39 | 86.7 |
2009-2010 | Dairy cattle | 29 | 2 | 27 | 93.1 |
2009-2010 | Beef cattle | 29 | 2 | 27 | 93.1 |
2009-2010 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2009-2010 | Miscellaneous | 24 | 0 | 24 | 100.0 |
2009-2010 | Multiple species | 156 | 16 | 140 | 89.7 |
2009-2010 | Total | 344 | 33 | 311 | 90.4 |
2010-2011 | Layer chickens | 44 | 1 | 43 | 97.7 |
2010-2011 | Broiler chickens | 33 | 1 | 32 | 97.0 |
2010-2011 | Turkey | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2010-2011 | Swine | 42 | 1 | 41 | 97.6 |
2010-2011 | Dairy cattle | 35 | 1 | 34 | 97.1 |
2010-2011 | Beef cattle | 23 | 0 | 23 | 100.0 |
2010-2011 | Sheep | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2010-2011 | Miscellaneous | 23 | 2 | 21 | 91.3 |
2010-2011 | Multiple species | 134 | 11 | 123 | 91.8 |
2010-2011 | Total | 339 | 17 | 322 | 95.0 |
2011-2012 | Layer chickens | 47 | 0 | 47 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Broiler chickens | 31 | 0 | 31 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Turkey | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Swine | 51 | 2 | 49 | 96.1 |
2011-2012 | Dairy cattle | 44 | 1 | 43 | 97.7 |
2011-2012 | Beef cattle | 19 | 2 | 17 | 89.5 |
2011-2012 | Sheep | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Miscellaneous | 22 | 2 | 20 | 90.9 |
2011-2012 | Multiple species | 156 | 8 | 148 | 94.9 |
2011-2012 | Unknown | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2011-2012 | Total | 377 | 15 | 362 | 96.0 |
2012-2013 | Layer chickens | 56 | 3 | 53 | 94.6 |
2012-2013 | Broiler chickens | 35 | 4 | 31 | 88.6 |
2012-2013 | Turkey | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Swine | 48 | 1 | 47 | 97.9 |
2012-2013 | Dairy cattle | 37 | 0 | 37 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Beef cattle | 21 | 1 | 20 | 95.2 |
2012-2013 | Miscellaneous | 18 | 2 | 16 | 88.9 |
2012-2013 | Multiple species | 156 | 22 | 134 | 85.9 |
2012-2013 | Unknown | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2012-2013 | Total | 377 | 33 | 344 | 91.2 |
2013-2014 | Layer chickens | 31 | 1 | 30 | 96.8 |
2013-2014 | Broiler chickens | 27 | 1 | 26 | 96.3 |
2013-2014 | Turkey | 3 | 1 | 2 | 66.7 |
2013-2014 | Swine | 44 | 1 | 43 | 97.7 |
2013-2014 | Dairy cattle | 33 | 3 | 30 | 90.9 |
2013-2014 | Beef cattle | 12 | 2 | 10 | 83.3 |
2013-2014 | Sheep | 3 | 0 | 3 | 100.0 |
2013-2014 | Miscellaneous | 13 | 1 | 12 | 92.3 |
2013-2014 | Multiple species | 165 | 18 | 147 | 89.1 |
2013-2014 | Total | 331 | 28 | 303 | 91.5 |
2014-2015 | Layer chickens | 43 | 2 | 41 | 95.3 |
2014-2015 | Broiler chickens | 33 | 0 | 33 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Turkey | 10 | 1 | 9 | 90.0 |
2014-2015 | Swine | 43 | 5 | 38 | 88.4 |
2014-2015 | Dairy cattle | 36 | 3 | 33 | 91.7 |
2014-2015 | Beef cattle | 11 | 0 | 11 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Sheep | 1 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Miscellaneous | 11 | 0 | 11 | 100.0 |
2014-2015 | Multiple species | 181 | 23 | 158 | 87.3 |
2014-2015 | Total | 369 | 34 | 335 | 90.8 |
2015-2016 | Layer chickens | 41 | 3 | 38 | 92.7 |
2015-2016 | Broiler chickens | 26 | 1 | 25 | 96.2 |
2015-2016 | Turkey | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Swine | 37 | 3 | 34 | 91.9 |
2015-2016 | Dairy cattle | 33 | 1 | 32 | 97.0 |
2015-2016 | Beef cattle | 27 | 0 | 27 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Sheep | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Miscellaneous | 13 | 0 | 13 | 100.0 |
2015-2016 | Multiple species | 110 | 10 | 100 | 90.9 |
2015-2016 | Total | 296 | 18 | 278 | 93.9 |
2016-2017 | Layer chickens | 44 | 3 | 41 | 93.2 |
2016-2017 | Broiler chickens | 25 | 4 | 21 | 84.0 |
2016-2017 | Turkey | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.0 |
2016-2017 | Swine | 47 | 2 | 45 | 95.7 |
2016-2017 | Dairy cattle | 33 | 4 | 29 | 87.9 |
2016-2017 | Beef cattle | 16 | 0 | 16 | 100.0 |
2016-2017 | Sheep | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.0 |
2016-2017 | Miscellaneous | 8 | 0 | 8 | 100.0 |
2016-2017 | Multiple species | 122 | 9 | 113 | 92.6 |
2016-2017 | Total | 302 | 22 | 280 | 92.7 |
2017-2018 | Layer chickens | 49 | 2 | 47 | 95.9 |
2017-2018 | Broiler chickens | 23 | 2 | 21 | 91.3 |
2017-2018 | Turkey | 4 | 1 | 3 | 75.0 |
2017-2018 | Swine | 54 | 3 | 51 | 94.4 |
2017-2018 | Dairy cattle | 41 | 4 | 37 | 90.2 |
2017-2018 | Beef cattle | 14 | 0 | 14 | 100.0 |
2017-2018 | Sheep | 4 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 |
2017-2018 | Miscellaneous | 12 | 1 | 11 | 91.7 |
2017-2018 | Multiple species | 140 | 15 | 125 | 89.3 |
2017-2018 | Total | 341 | 28 | 313 | 91.8 |
1989-2018 | Total | 14,624 | 1,786 | 12,838 | 87.8 |
Appendix II: Review of Salmonella Taxonomy and Serotypes
Species and subspecies
The genus Salmonella currently contains two species; bongori and enterica. These species were determined on the basis of genetic relatedness, as determined by DNA hybridization experiments. Salmonella enterica is further divided into six subspecies that are designated by names and by Roman numerals: I enterica, II salamae, IIIa arizonae, IIIb diarizonae, IV houtenae, and VI indica. These subspecies are differentiated by their biochemical reactions. Salmonella strains from all Salmonella subspecies can be found in cold-blooded animals but only strains from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (I) are found in warm-blooded animals. Salmonella subspecies I enterica is therefore of greatest interest to human and animal health.
- Salmonella bongori
- Salmonella enterica subspecies I enterica
- Salmonella enterica subspecies II salamae
- Salmonella enterica subspecies IIIa arizonae
- Salmonella enterica subspecies IIIb diarizonae
- Salmonella enterica subspecies IV houtenae
- Salmonella enterica subspecies VI indica
Serotypes (Serovars)
Serotyping is a serological procedure based on the Kauffmann-White scheme which classifies strains of microorganisms into different groups based on their antigenic composition. The Kauffmann-White scheme is maintained by the World Health Organization at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, and strain serotyping is performed only at specialized serotyping laboratories.
Serotyping or antigenic classification of Salmonella is based on antibody reaction with 2 types of surface antigens: somatic O antigens and flagellar H antigens (phase 1 and phase 2). O antigens are polysaccharides present on the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. H antigens are proteins present on the bacterial flagella. Salmonella serotypes may express either one type of H antigen (monophasic), or two types of H antigen (diphasic).
A Salmonella serotype is represented by an antigenic formula which is determined by a unique combination of reactions of cell surface antigens (immunologic characterization). For example, the antigenic formula for Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhimurium is 1,4,[5],12:i:1,2 where "1" indicates the subspecies, "4,[5],12" indicates the reaction to O-antigen antisera, "i" indicates the reaction to Phase 1 antisera of the H-antigen, and "1,2" indicates the reaction to Phase 2 antisera of the H-antigen.
The serotype name usually refers to the geographic location where the specific Salmonella strain was first isolated, although older names sometimes indicated the animal species from which it was isolated or the clinical syndrome that it caused. To emphasize that these serotype names do not represent separate species, the serotype name is not italicized and the first letter is capitalized (e.g. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium). For convenience, this designation is commonly shortened to include only the genus and serotype name (e.g., Salmonella Typhimurium or S. Typhimurium).
Within the Salmonella enterica species, there are over 2,500 Salmonella serotypes of which approximately 60% belong to subspecies I (enterica, found in warm-blooded animals) and these account for about 99% of human infections.
List of references
Brenner, F. W., Villar, R. G., Angulo, F. J., Tauxe, R., and Swaminathan, B., 2000. Salmonella nomenclature. J Clin Microbiol 38:2465-7.
Grimont, P. A. D., and Weill, F. X., 2007. Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars. 9th Edition. WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella, Paris.
Ryan, M., O'Dwyer, J., and Adley, C. C., 2017. Evaluation of the Complex Nomenclature of the Clinically and Veterinary Significant Pathogen Salmonella. BioMed Research International, vol. 2017, Article ID 3782182, 6 pages.
Tindall, B. J., Grimont, P. A., Garrity, G. M., and Euzeby, J. P., 2005. Nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Salmonella. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:521
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