National Microbiological Baseline Study in Broiler Chicken
December 2012 – December 2013
Tables
Table 1 Number of planned, received and tested samples during the study
Sample type Table Note 1 | Location | Planned samples | Received samples | Tested samples | Performance Table Note 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caeca | Abattoir | 4,732 | 4,722 | 4,541 | 96.0% |
Whole carcass | Abattoir | 1,688 | 1,707 | 1,646 | 97.5% |
SLBL breasts | Abattoir | 1,163 | 1,104 | 1,062 | 91.3% |
SOBI thighs | Abattoir | 597 | 630 | 613 | 102.7% |
Weep | Abattoir | 97 | 80 | 77 | 79.4% |
Whole carcass | Retail | 427 | 412 | 404 | 94.6% |
SLBL breasts | Retail | 881 | 862 | 841 | 95.5% |
SOBI thighs | Retail | 438 | 419 | 406 | 92.7% |
Total Table Note 3 | 10,023 | 9,963 | 9,615 | 95.9% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 1
-
SLBL: skinless and boneless; SOBI: skin-on and bone-in.
- Table Note 2
-
Performance means the proportion of tested samples relative to the number of planned samples.
- Table Note 3
-
Includes 25 abattoir and three retail chicken parts that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Table 2 Unweighted prevalence of Salmonella in broiler chicken lots by province/region
Province | Lots | Positives | P (%) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
British Columbia | 743 | 143 | 19.2 | 16.4 – 22.1 |
Alberta | 584 | 104 | 17.8 | 14.7 – 20.9 |
Midwest | 596 | 104 | 17.4 | 14.4 – 20.5 |
Ontario | 1,032 | 354 | 34.3 | 31.4 – 37.2 |
Quebec | 997 | 288 | 28.9 | 26.1 – 31.7 |
Maritimes | 395 | 118 | 29.9 | 25.4 – 34.4 |
Canada | 4,347 | 1,111 | 25.6 | 24.3 – 26.9 |
Table 3a Distribution of Salmonella concentrations (MPN/g) Table Note 4 in broiler chicken caeca (Combined results from three and five dilutions Table Note 5)
Range | No. of samples | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<0.3 | 10 | 2.0% | 10 | 2.0% |
0.3-0.99 | 32 | 6.4% | 42 | 8.4% |
1-10 | 70 | 13.9% | 112 | 22.3% |
11-110 | 64 | 12.7% | 176 | 35.1% |
>110 | 326 | 64.9% | 502 | 100.0% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 4
-
Most probable number per g of caecal content.
- Table Note 5
-
Because the proportion of samples >110 MPN/g significantly increased during the course of the study, the number of dilutions was increased to five during the month of June 2013 until the end of the study.
Table 3b Distribution of Salmonella concentrations (MPN/g) Table Note 6 in broiler chicken caeca (Results from five dilutions >110 MPN/g Table Note 7)
Range | No. of samples | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
111-1,000 | 63 | 32.1% | 63 | 32.1% |
1,001-11,000 | 85 | 43.4% | 148 | 75.5% |
>11,000 | 48 | 24.5% | 196 | 100.0% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 6
-
Most probable number per g of caecal content.
- Table Note 7
-
Because the proportion of samples >110 MPN/g significantly increased during the course of the study, the number of dilutions was increased to five during the month of June 2013 until the end of the study.
Table 4 Unweighted prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chicken lots by province/region
Province | Lots | Positives | P (%) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
British Columbia | 726 | 300 | 41.3 | 37.7 – 44.9 |
Alberta | 573 | 145 | 25.3 | 21.7 – 28.9 |
Midwest | 579 | 131 | 22.6 | 19.2 – 26.0 |
Ontario | 1,012 | 203 | 20.1 | 17.6 – 22.5 |
Quebec | 973 | 153 | 15.7 | 13.4 – 18.0 |
Maritimes | 390 | 93 | 23.8 | 19.6 – 28.1 |
Canada | 4,253 | 1,025 | 24.1 | 22.8 – 25.4 |
Table 5 Distribution of Campylobacter concentrations (CFU/g) Table Note 8 in broiler chicken caeca
Range | No. of samples | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<50,000 | 3,370 | 75.8% | 3,370 | 75.8% |
50,000-100,000 | 4 | 0.1% | 3,374 | 75.9% |
100,001-1,000,000 | 12 | 0.3% | 3,386 | 76.2% |
1,000,001-10,000,000 | 93 | 2.1% | 3,479 | 78.3% |
10,000,001-100,000,000 | 465 | 10.5% | 3,944 | 88.7% |
100,000,001-1,000,000,000 | 458 | 10.3% | 4,402 | 99.0% |
1,000,000,001-10,000,000,000 | 16 | 0.4% | 4,418 | 99.4% |
Undetermined counts Table Note 9 | 27 | 0.6% | 4,445 | 100.0% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 8
-
Colony forming unit per g of caecal content.
- Table Note 9
-
Counts reported as too numerous to count or spreaders reported as greater than values within the 300,000 to 3,000,000,000 CFU/g range.
Table 6 Unweighted prevalence of Salmonella on fresh abattoir chicken
Sample type Table Note 10 | Samples | Positives | P (%) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Whole carcass | 1,643 | 278 | 16.9 | 15.1 – 18.7 |
SLBL breasts | 1,056 | 299 | 28.3 | 25.6 - 31.0 |
SOBI thighs | 612 | 194 | 31.7 | 28.0 – 35.4 |
Parts | 1,668 | 493 | 29.6 | 27.4 – 31.7 |
All products | 3,333 | 780 | 23.4 | 22.0 – 24.8 |
Table Note
- Table Note 10
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested. All products correspond to all fresh abattoir samples tested including a few parts (22) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Table 7 Distribution of Salmonella concentrations (MPN/mL) Table Note 11 on fresh abattoir chicken
Range | No. of samples Table Note 12 | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<0.03 | 164 | 21.0% | 164 | 21.0% |
0.03-0.29 | 414 | 53.0% | 578 | 74.0% |
0.3-2.99 | 163 | 20.9% | 741 | 94.9% |
3.00-10.99 | 29 | 3.7% | 770 | 98.6% |
>11 | 11 | 1.4% | 781 | 100.0% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 11
-
Most probable number per mL of rinse fluid.
- Table Note 12
-
Samples include whole carcasses, SLBL breasts, SOBI thighs and a few parts (9) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Table 8a Enumeration of Salmonella in caeca, fresh abattoir and fresh retail chicken meat products (MPN/mL of rinse fluid)
Sample type Table Note 13 | Location | Quantifiable samples Table Note 14 | Median | Mean log | Geo mean | Geo mean 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caeca | Abattoir | 493 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Whole carcass | Abattoir | 276 | 0.092 | -0.92 | 0.12 | 0.10 - 0.15 |
SLBL breasts | Abattoir | 300 | 0.092 | -0.94 | 0.12 | 0.10 - 0.14 |
SOBI thighs | Abattoir | 195 | 0.092 | -0.98 | 0.10 | 0.08 - 0.13 |
Parts | Abattoir | 495 | 0.092 | -0.95 | 0.11 | 0.10 - 0.13 |
All products | Abattoir | 780 | 0.092 | -0.94 | 0.11 | 0.10 - 0.13 |
Whole carcass | Retail | 85 | 0.036 | -1.13 | 0.07 | 0.05 - 0.11 |
SLBL breasts | Retail | 262 | 0.074 | -1.03 | 0.09 | 0.08 - 0.12 |
SOBI thighs | Retail | 130 | 0.092 | -1.04 | 0.09 | 0.07 - 0.12 |
Parts | Retail | 392 | 0.074 | -1.03 | 0.09 | 0.08 - 0.11 |
All products | Retail | 477 | 0.074 | -1.05 | 0.09 | 0.08 - 0.10 |
Table Notes
- Table Note 13
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested; all products correspond to all fresh abattoir or retail samples tested including a few (9) parts that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
- Table Note 14
-
These descriptive statistics also include many positive samples confirmed by culture for which the MPN values were either below the LOD or greater the MPN upper limit; they were respectively replaced by 0.5 times the limit of detection (LOD) and the upper limit value.
Table 8b Enumeration of Salmonella in caeca, fresh abattoir and fresh retail chicken meat products (MPN/g of sample)
Sample type Table Note 15 | Location | Quantifiable samples Table Note 16 | Median | Mean log | Geo mean | Geo mean 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caeca | Abattoir | 493 | 110 | 2.13 | 133.7 | 102.9 – 173.7 |
Whole carcass | Abattoir | 276 | 0.02 | -1.49 | 0.03 | 0.03 - 0.04 |
SLBL breasts | Abattoir | 300 | 0.04 | -1.28 | 0.05 | 0.04 - 0.06 |
SOBI thighs | Abattoir | 195 | 0.04 | -1.34 | 0.05 | 0.04 - 0.06 |
Parts | Abattoir | 495 | 0.04 | -1.30 | 0.05 | 0.04 - 0.06 |
All products | Abattoir | 780 | 0.03 | -1.37 | 0.04 | 0.04 - 0.05 |
Whole carcass | Retail | 85 | 0.01 | -1.69 | 0.02 | 0.01 - 0.03 |
SLBL breasts | Retail | 262 | 0.03 | -1.35 | 0.04 | 0.04 - 0.06 |
SOBI thighs | Retail | 130 | 0.03 | -1.42 | 0.04 | 0.03 - 0.05 |
Parts | Retail | 392 | 0.03 | -1.37 | 0.04 | 0.04 - 0.05 |
All products | Retail | 477 | 0.02 | -1.43 | 0.04 | 0.03 - 0.04 |
Table Notes
- Table Note 15
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested; all products correspond to all fresh abattoir or retail samples tested including a few (9) parts that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
- Table Note 16
-
These descriptive statistics also include many positive samples confirmed by culture for which the MPN values were either below the LOD or greater the MPN upper limit; they were respectively replaced by 0.5 time the limit of detection (LOD) and the upper limit value.
Table 9 Unweighted prevalence of Campylobacter on fresh abattoir chicken
Sample type Table Note 17 | Agar plating n | Agar plating P (%) | Enrich. n | Enrich. P (%) | Comb. Tests n | Comb. Tests P (%) | Comb. Tests 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole carcass | 1,646 | 19.0 | 1,645 | 23.2 | 1,646 | 27.4 | 25.2 – 29.6 |
SLBL breasts | 1,062 | 21.3 | 1,008 | 34.2 | 1,062 | 39.0 | 36.0 – 41.9 |
SOBI thighs | 613 | 25.8 | 568 | 33.1 | 613 | 39.2 | 35.3 – 43.0 |
Parts | 1,675 | 22.9 | 1,576 | 33.8 | 1,675 | 39.0 | 36.7 – 41.4 |
All products Table Note 17 | 3,343 | 21.0 | 3,243 | 28.4 | 3,343 | 33.3 | 31.7 – 34.9 |
Table Note
- Table note 17
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested; all products correspond to all fresh abattoir samples tested including a few (22) parts that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Enrich.: Enrichment, Comb. test: Combined test
Table 10 Distribution of Campylobacter concentrations (CFU/mL) Table Note 18 on fresh abattoir chicken
Range | No. of samples Table Note 19 | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 2,642 | 79.0% | 2,642 | 79.0% |
1-10 | 346 | 10.3% | 2,988 | 89.4% |
10.01-100 | 243 | 7.3% | 3,231 | 96.6% |
100.01-1,000 | 77 | 2.3% | 3,308 | 99.0% |
>1,000 | 9 | 0.3% | 3,317 | 99.2% |
Undetermined counts Table Note 20 | 26 | 0.8% | 3,343 | 100.0% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 18
-
Colony-forming unit per mL of rinse fluid.
- Table Note 19
-
Samples include whole carcasses, SLBL breasts, SOBI thighs and a few parts (22) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
- Table Note 20
-
Undetermined counts due to spreaders reported as greater than values within 2 to 160 CFU/mL range.
Table 11a Enumeration of Campylobacter in caeca, fresh abattoir and retail chicken meat products (CFU/mL of rinse fluid)
Sample type Table Note 21 | Location | Quantifiable samples Table Note 22 | Median | Mean log | Geo mean | Geo mean 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caeca | Abattoir | 1,075 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Whole carcass | Abattoir | 450 | 5.5 | 0.75 | 5.65 | 4.62 - 6.92 |
SLBL breasts | Abattoir | 414 | 1.0 | 0.30 | 1.98 | 1.70 - 2.31 |
SOBI thighs | Abattoir | 240 | 6.0 | 0.74 | 5.55 | 4.21 - 7.32 |
Parts | Abattoir | 654 | 2.0 | 0.46 | 2.89 | 2.50 - 3.34 |
All products | Abattoir | 1,112 | 3.0 | 0.58 | 3.81 | 3.37 - 4.30 |
Whole carcass | Retail | 153 | 1.0 | 0.51 | 3.23 | 2.32 - 4.51 |
SLBL breasts | Retail | 364 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 1.00 - 1.28 |
SOBI thighs | Retail | 173 | 2.0 | 0.48 | 3.01 | 2.25 - 4.02 |
Parts | Retail | 537 | 0.5 | 0.19 | 1.55 | 1.36 - 1.77 |
All products | Retail | 691 | 1.0 | 0.26 | 1.83 | 1.61 - 2.08 |
Table Notes
- Table Note 21
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested. All products correspond to all fresh abattoir or retail samples tested including a few (9) parts that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
- Table Note 22
-
These descriptive statistics also include positive samples confirmed by culture for which counts were either below the LOD or greater than a specific value; they were respectively replaced by 0.5 LOD and such specific value.
Table 11b Enumeration of Campylobacter in caeca, fresh abattoir and retail chicken meat products (CFU / g of sample)
Sample type Table Note 23 | Location | Quantifiable samples Table Note 24 | Median | Mean log | Geo mean | Geo mean 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caeca | Abattoir | 1,075 | 8.60E+7 | 7.86 | 7.28E+7 | 6.62E+7 - 8.02E+7 |
Whole carcass | Abattoir | 450 | 1.22 | 0.10 | 1.26 | 1.03 - 1.54 |
SLBL breasts | Abattoir | 414 | 0.22 | -0.36 | 0.44 | 0.38 - 0.51 |
SOBI thighs | Abattoir | 240 | 1.33 | 0.09 | 1.23 | 0.94 - 1.63 |
Parts | Abattoir | 654 | 0.44 | -0.19 | 0.64 | 0.55 - 0.74 |
All products | Abattoir | 1,112 | 0.67 | -0.07 | 0.85 | 0.75 - 0.95 |
Whole carcass | Retail | 153 | 0.22 | -0.14 | 0.72 | 0.52 - 1.00 |
SLBL breasts | Retail | 364 | 0.11 | -0.60 | 0.25 | 0.22 - 0.28 |
SOBI thighs | Retail | 173 | 0.44 | -0.17 | 0.67 | 0.50 - 0.89 |
Parts | Retail | 537 | 0.11 | -0.46 | 0.34 | 0.30 - 0.39 |
All products | Retail | 691 | 0.22 | -0.39 | 0.41 | 0.36 - 0.46 |
Table Notes
- Table Note 23
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested. All products correspond to all fresh abattoir or retail samples tested including a few (9) parts that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
- Table Note 24
-
These descriptive statistics also include positive samples confirmed by culture for which counts were either below the LOD or greater than a specific value; they were respectively replaced by 0.5 LOD and such specific value.
Table 12a Distribution of generic E. coli concentrations (CFU/mL) Table Note 25 on fresh abattoir chicken (Whole carcass)
Range | No. of samples | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<5 | 264 | 16.1% | 264 | 16.1% |
5-10 | 219 | 13.3% | 483 | 29.4% |
11-100 | 776 | 47.2% | 1,259 | 76.6% |
101-1,000 | 353 | 21.5% | 1,612 | 98.1% |
>1,000 | 31 | 1.9% | 1,643 | 100.0% |
Table Note
- Table Note 25
-
Colony-forming unit per mL of rinse fluid.
Table 12b Distribution of generic E. coli concentrations (CFU/mL) Table Note 26 on fresh abattoir chicken (SLBL breasts)
Range | No. of samples | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<5 | 168 | 16.6% | 168 | 16.6% |
5-10 | 158 | 15.6% | 326 | 32.2% |
11-100 | 554 | 54.7% | 880 | 86.9% |
101-1,000 | 127 | 12.5% | 1,007 | 99.4% |
>1,000 | 6 | 0.6% | 1,013 | 100.0% |
Table Note
- Table Note 26
-
Colony-forming units per mL of rinse fluid.
Table 12c Distribution of generic E. coli concentrations (CFU/mL) Table Note 27 on fresh abattoir chicken (SOBI thighs)
Range | No. of samples | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<5 | 29 | 5.0% | 29 | 5.0% |
5-10 | 33 | 5.7% | 62 | 10.7% |
11-100 | 257 | 44.5% | 319 | 55.2% |
101-1,000 | 227 | 39.3% | 546 | 94.5% |
>1,000 | 32 | 5.5% | 578 | 100.0% |
Table Note
- Table Note 27
-
Colony-forming unit per mL of rinse fluid.
Table 13a Enumeration of generic E. coli on fresh abattoir chicken meat products (CFU/mL of rinse fluid)
Sample type Table Note 28 | Quantifiable samples | Median | Mean log | Geo mean | Geo mean 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole carcass | 1,379 | 45 | 1.70 | 50.6 | 47.2 - 54.4 |
SLBL breasts | 845 | 30 | 1.54 | 34.3 | 31.8 - 37.1 |
SOBI thighs | 549 | 90 | 1.98 | 96.1 | 85.2 - 108.3 |
Parts | 1,394 | 45 | 1.71 | 51.5 | 47.9 - 55.3 |
All products | 2,795 | 45 | 1.71 | 51.4 | 48.8 - 54.0 |
Table Notes
- Table Note 28
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested. All products correspond to all fresh abattoir samples tested including a few parts (22) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Table 13b Enumeration of generic E. coli on fresh abattoir chicken meat products (CFU/g of sample)
Sample type Table Note 29 | Quantifiable samples | Median | Mean log | Geo mean | Geo mean 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole carcass | 1,379 | 10.0 | 1.05 | 11.3 | 10.5 - 12.1 |
SLBL breasts | 845 | 6.7 | 0.88 | 7.6 | 7.1 - 8.3 |
SOBI thighs | 549 | 20.0 | 1.33 | 21.3 | 18.9 - 24.1 |
Parts | 1,394 | 10.0 | 1.06 | 11.4 | 10.7 - 12.3 |
All products | 2,795 | 10.0 | 1.06 | 11.4 | 10.9 - 12.0 |
Table Note
- Table Note 29
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested. All products correspond to all fresh abattoir samples tested including a few parts (22) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Table 14 Unweighted prevalence of Salmonella on fresh retail chicken
Sample type Table Note 30 | Samples | Positives | P (%) | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Whole carcass | 404 | 85 | 21.0 | 17.1 - 25.0 |
SLBL breasts | 834 | 262 | 31.4 | 28.3 - 34.6 |
SOBI thighs | 405 | 130 | 32.1 | 27.6 - 36.6 |
Parts | 1,239 | 392 | 31.6 | 29.0 - 34.2 |
All products | 1,646 | 477 | 29.0 | 26.8 - 31.2 |
Table Note
- Table Note 30
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested. All products correspond to all fresh retail samples tested including a few (3) parts that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Table 15 Distribution of Salmonella concentrations (MPN/mL) Table Note 31 on fresh retail chicken
Range | No. of samples Table Note 32 | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<0.03 | 133 | 27.9% | 133 | 27.9% |
0.03-0.29 | 238 | 49.9% | 371 | 77.8% |
0.3-2.99 | 83 | 17.4% | 454 | 95.2% |
3.00-10.99 | 15 | 3.1% | 469 | 98.3% |
>11 | 8 | 1.7% | 477 | 100.0% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 31
-
Most probable number per mL of rinse fluid.
- Table Note 32
-
Samples include whole carcasses, SLBL breasts, SOBI thighs and a few parts (3) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Table 16 Unweighted prevalence of Campylobacter on fresh retail chicken
Sample type Table Note 33 | Agar plating n | Agar plating P (%) | Enrich. n | Enrich. P (%) | Comb. tests n | Comb. Tests P (%) | Comb. tests 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole carcass | 404 | 22.0 | 402 | 34.3 | 404 | 37.9 | 33.1 - 42.6 |
SLBL breasts | 841 | 17.6 | 793 | 40.7 | 841 | 43.3 | 39.9 - 46.6 |
SOBI thighs | 406 | 27.3 | 382 | 34.6 | 406 | 42.6 | 37.8 - 47.4 |
Parts | 1,247 | 20.8 | 1,175 | 38.7 | 1,247 | 43.1 | 40.3 - 45.8 |
All products | 1,654 | 21.1 | 1,579 | 37.6 | 1,654 | 41.8 | 39.4 - 44.2 |
Table Note
- Table Note 33
-
Parts mean the total of SLBL breasts and SOBI thighs tested. All products correspond to all fresh abattoir samples tested including a few parts (1) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
Enrich.: Enrichment, Comb. test: Combined test
Table 17 Distribution of Campylobacter concentrations (CFU/mL) Table Note 34 on fresh retail chicken
Range | No. of samples Table Note 35 | Percent of total | Cumulative number | Cumulative percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 1,303 | 78.9% | 1,303 | 78.9% |
1-10 | 231 | 14.0% | 1,534 | 92.9% |
10.01-100 | 84 | 5.1% | 1,618 | 98.0% |
100.01-1,000 | 16 | 1.0% | 1,634 | 99.0% |
>1,000 | 4 | 0.2% | 1,638 | 99.2% |
Undetermined counts Table Note 36 | 13 | 0.8% | 1,651 | 100.0% |
Table Notes
- Table Note 34
-
Colony-forming units per mL of rinse fluid.
- Table Note 35
-
Samples include whole carcasses, SLBL breasts, SOBI thighs and a few parts (22) that were not SLBL breasts or SOBI thighs.
- Table Note 36
-
Undetermined counts due to spreaders reported as greater than values within 2 to 160 CFU/mL range.
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