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D-11-05: Phytosanitary requirements for non-manufactured and non-propagative wood products to prevent the introduction of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) from the continental United States

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Effective Date: June 09, 2020
(3rd Revision)

Subject

This directive contains the phytosanitary import requirements for non-manufactured and non-propagative wood products to prevent the entry of the Asian longhorned beetle (ALHB), Anoplophora glabripennis, from the continental United States (U.S.). Specifically, it governs the movement of logs, lumber, wood and bark chips and dried branches in the host genera

In 2020, following 6 years of annual surveys that did not detect ALHB, this was declared to be eradicated from the cities of Mississauga and Toronto in the province of Ontario Canada. Therefore, the Asian Longhorned Beetle Infested Place Order was repealed on June 09, 2020. This directive was subsequently updated to remove Canadian domestic requirements as Canada is now free from ALHB.

Also in 2020, "Appendix 1: Areas with Movement Restrictions for Asian Longhorned Beetle" has been updated to add South Carolina as a regulated state, along with Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio within the continental United States.

In addition to meeting the requirements outlined in this directive, regulated commodities must meet all other Canadian phytosanitary import requirements for other pests regulated by Canada.

This document supersedes all previous versions of directive D-11-05 and Directive D-01-12 (firewood) with respect to restrictions on firewood movement in areas regulated for ALHB

On this page

Review

This directive will be reviewed as needed. For further information or clarification, please contact the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).

Endorsement

Approved by:

Chief Plant Health Officer

Amendment record

Amendments of this directive will be dated and distributed as outlined in the distribution below.

Distribution

  1. Directive mail list (Areas, Regions, Plant Health Risk Assessment (PHRA), United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS), other federal government departments
  2. Provincial government, industry (via regions)
  3. National industry organizations (the Hardwood Lumber Bureau, Canadian Lumber Standard Accreditation Board, other lumber industry representatives) and the public
  4. Internet

Introduction

Asian longhorned beetle (ALHB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), also known as the starry-sky beetle, is an introduced wood boring beetle native to Asia that attacks and kills many species of live, healthy hardwood trees. A breeding population was detected in 1996 for the first time in North America in New York City, New York, United States of America (U.S.A.). In 1998, a separate ALHB infestation was discovered in Chicago, Illinois. This infestation was declared eradicated in 2008. ALHB has also been detected in 2 separate New Jersey locations; in Jersey City in 2002 and in Middlesex/Union counties in 2004. In 2007, ALHB was found on Staten and Prall's Islands in New York. In Massachusetts, ALHB has been found in Worcester in 2008 and Boston in 2010. ALHB was found in Ohio in 2011. In Canada, ALHB was first detected in September 2003 in the Toronto/Vaughan industrial area of Ontario. In September 2013, the CFIA confirmed a new detection of ALHB in an Ontario industrial area near Pearson International Airport. On December 3, 2013, The Asian Longhorned Beetle Infested Place Order was established in the parts of the City of Mississauga and the City of Toronto. An eradication was carried out in the regulated area, including host tree removal. Annual surveys to determine the presence of the pest were also initiated. Following the successful eradication of ALHB, as demonstrated by 6 consecutive years of negative surveys, the Asian LongHorned Beetle Infested Place Order was repealed on June 09, 2020.

During its larval stage, ALHB feeds on and tunnels through the vascular system and heartwood of the tree, eventually killing it. Due to the fact that the insect spends the majority of its life cycle inside the tree, it can be challenging to detect until the tree is showing signs of stress. Control of the pest is also difficult.

The deciduous trees that are host to ALHB form a major component of forests and urban landscapes in both Canada and the U.S., and are commonly found from the Atlantic provinces through to western Canada. ALHB host trees aid in maintaining the health of the environment by providing habitat to numerous animals, including birds. They also contribute to good air quality and the ecological health of soil, and are of very high value to the maple syrup, tourism, and hardwood industries in Canada. The loss of ALHB host trees would reduce or eliminate sources of food and shelter for wildlife, decrease biodiversity, and diminish the health of Canadian forests, as well as rural and urban landscapes. For example, in 2019, there were 15.9 million visitors to Canada's National Parks, demonstrating the importance of Canada's forests and natural ecosystems to Canadians and tourists alikeFootnote 1. ALHB host trees are of considerable economic importance to Canada, valued at several billion dollars annually and representing a major component of hardwood and manufactured products. ALHB host trees are used for a variety of purposes, including flooring, furniture, tools, and sports equipment. ALHB host trees are also a major component of all nursery stock sales in Canada, valued at more than $500 million annuallyFootnote 2. The presence of ALHB could have a major impact on the demand for, and production of, nursery stock in both Canada and the U.S. The movement of infested nursery stock, logs and firewood from infested areas facilitates potential long-distance dispersal of this pest and constitutes an ecological risk to Canada's forests.

Scope

D-11-05 outlines requirements for the importation of regulated commodities from the continental U.S. Movement of regulated commodities may also be governed by other CFIA Directives including, but not restricted to, those listed in the reference section.

References

D-11-01, Phytosanitary requirements for plants for planting and fresh decorative branches to prevent the entry and spread of Anoplophora spp.

D-08-04, plant protection import requirements for plants and plant parts for planting: Preventing the entry and spread of regulated plant pests associated with the plants for planting pathway

D-13-01, Canadian Heat Treated Wood Products Certification Program (HT Program).

D-02-12, import requirements of non-manufactured wood and other non-propagative wood products, except solid wood packaging material, from all areas other than the continental United States.

D-01-12, phytosanitary requirements for the importation and domestic movement of firewood.

D-01-06, Canadian phytosanitary policy for the notification of non-compliance and emergency action.

D-98-08, Entry requirements for wood packaging materials pProduced in all areas other than the continental United States.

PI-007, The technical heat treatment guidelines and operating conditions manual.

Adopted International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) are available in a number of languages on the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) webpage (updated annually)

ISPM No. 20, Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system. 2004, FAO, Rome.

ISPM No. 13, Guidelines for the notification of non-compliance and emergency action. 2001, FAO, Rome

ISPM No. 5, Glossary of phytosanitary terms., FAO, Rome. (updated annually)

ISPM No. 4, Requirements for the establishment of pest free areas. 1995, FAO, Rome

ISPM No. 10, Requirements for the establishment of pest free places of production and pest free production sites. 1999, FAO, Rome

Pest Risk Assessment: Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)

Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms

Definitions for terms used in the present document can be found in the Plant Health Glossary of Terms.

1.0 Phytosanitary requirements

1.1 Legislative authority

Plant Protection Act, S.C. 1990, c. 22
Plant Protection Regulations, SOR/95-212
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act, S.C. 1997, c. 6
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice, Canada Gazette, Part (as amended from time to time)
Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act, S.C. 1995, c. 40.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Regulations, SOR/2000-187.

1.2 Fees

The CFIA is charging fees in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice. For information regarding fees associated with imported product, please contact the National Import Service Centre (NISC). Anyone requiring other information regarding fees may contact any local CFIA officeor the CFIA's Fees Notice web site.

1.3 Regulated pests

All life stages of the Asian longhorned beetle (ALHB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky).

1.4 Regulated commodities

Regulated commodities include:

Any non-propagative parts of trees including

as well as wood and bark chips of

For the purpose of this document, these genera will be referred to as the host genera.

Firewood of all genera (host and non-host), which for the purpose of this policy means untreated, raw solid wood material usually with bark attached that may be handled manually, is suitable for burning, or is intended to be used for heat production.

Note: Plants for planting and fresh branches are regulated under the D-11-01.

Note: Facilities registered with the CFIA under the Canadian Heat Treated Wood Products Certification Program (CHTWPCP) or the Canadian Wood Packaging Certification Program (CWPCP) may produce compliant commodities, that is, in other words produced in accordance with their respective programs and display the prescribed marks, tags, or certificates. Facilities registered in Canadian Heat Treatment Wood Products Certification Program (CHTWPCP) and Canadian Wood Packaging Certification Program (CWPCP) are listed at the associated links.

Regulated commodities made of host genera intended for domestic movement only, that are heat treated according to the standards outlined in PI-007 and approved by CFIA, may also be compliant commodities. Contact the local CFIA office for further details.

1.5 Commodities exempt

Tissue culture of the host genera. Please consult D-08-04: Plant Protection Import Requirements for Plants and Plant Parts for Planting for additional information about the regulations for the import of tissue culture.

Seeds and leaves of the host genera.

All processed wood materials that are completely free of bark and free of pests and/or signs of live pests and that have been subject to processing conditions that have altered the material in a manner to significantly reduce the potential of the wood items to provide a habitat for ALHB.

Some examples of processed wood materials that are exempt include:

Note: Exempted commodities are subject to inspection and verification.

1.6 Regulated areas

Consult Appendix 1 for the regulated areas within Canada and the continental U.S.

2.0 Import requirements

Specific details of import requirements are outlined in Appendix 2.

2.1 Regulated commodities

This section applies to regulated commodities from states of the continental U.S. where populations of Anoplophora spp. have been detected and are currently under official control.

The CFIA recognizes the regulated areas within the U.S. that are currently defined by the USDA (7 CFR 301.51). This recognition from the CFIA is based on the surveys and official control measures implemented by the USDA. The CFIA considers Anoplophora glabripennis to be a serious quarantine pest and will continue to review the validity of this approach as new information becomes available.

In order to be approved entry into Canada, regulated commodities from these regulated areas must originate from facilities that have entered into a compliance agreement with the USDA and must meet the requirements of the U.S. Federal regulations related to A. glabripennis (7 CFR 301.51).

2.2 Document verification

Appendix 2 outlines the import documentation requirements for commodities regulated in this directive. When import documentation is required, it must be referred to the National Import Service Centre (NISC) for review.

2.3 Product examination

Consignments containing regulated commodities are subject to inspection and sampling upon arrival. Import inspections will be conducted at either the port of entry or another place designated by CFIA.

Consignments will be examined for the presence of ALHB, other living regulated and potential quarantine pests, soil, and other signs of pest activity such as bore holes, frass and uncommon product damage.

During product inspections, CFIA inspectors may require the dismantling of wood products, destuffing of containers, or unloading shipments of products from their conveyance, and may collect samples of wood damage or pests.

Inspectors may detain shipments, and submit specimens for identification. Inspectors may order the discharge of any shipment to facilitate the safe and efficient inspection of any product or conveyance. All costs related to this activity are to be borne by the importer.

Inspectors may detain, or order movement, or disposal of a shipment. Disposal must be done in a manner approved by CFIA. Disposal methods are outlined in Appendix 3. Fees related to detention, movement or disposal will be charged to the importer.

3.0 Non-compliance

Shipments which do not meet requirements may be refused entry, returned to origin, or disposed of at the importer's expense. As per D-01-06: Canadian Phytosanitary Policy for the Notification of Non-Compliance and Emergency Action, the CFIA will notify USDA-APHIS when a shipment of regulated commodities has not complied with Canadian import requirements.

4.0 Requirements for transportation of regulated commodities

Regulated commodities, imported from a regulated area to a non-regulated area, must move directly to the destination, or follow conditions as specified on the import permit.

Regulated commodities moving in-transit (from a foreign country, through Canada, to a foreign country), must meet in-transit phytosanitary requirements as indicated in the in-transit protocol.

5.0 Treatment options for regulated commodities

The phytosanitary risk of ALHB introduction and spread is mitigated by treating regulated commodities. Treatment options for regulated commodities are summarized in Appendix 4.

6.0 Appendices

Appendix 1: Areas with movement restrictions for Asian longhorned beetle

The current list of areas with movement restrictions can be obtained from the local CFIA Office or through the link to Areas regulated for the ALHB.

List of areas regulated for the ALHB

Continental United States

In the following U.S. states, populations of Anoplophora glabripennis. have been detected and are currently under eradication and official control:

Note: The CFIA recognizes the regulated areas within these states as currently defined by the USDA (7 CFR 301.51).

For maps of the U.S. regulated areas, please consult the following website: Asian Longhorned Beetle Maps (USDA-APHIS)

For any other information on ALHB in the U.S., please consult the following website: Asian Longhorned Beetle (USDA-APHIS)

Appendix 2: Requirements for the import of regulated commodities

Table 1. From non-regulated States of the U.S. to Canada
Regulated article Import permit Phytosanitary certificate Additional declaration required on phytosanitary certificate Comments
Host generaTable Note a wood/bark chips No No
Host generaTable Note a dried branches No No    
Host generaTable Note a lumber, with or without bark No No    
Host generaTable Note a logs No No    
Firewood of all genera Yes Yes A certificate of origin may be accepted in lieu of the phytosanitary certificate in some situations. Please see D-01-12 for additional information.
Other host generaTable Note a commodities Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details.

Table Note

Table note a

Host Genera = Acer (Maple), Aesculus (Horsechestnut), Albizia (White Silk), Betula (Birch), Celtis (Hackberry), Cercidiphyllum (Katsura), Koelreuteria (Goldenrain Tree), Platanus (Plane or Sycamore), Populus (Poplar), Salix (Willow), Sorbus (Mountain Ash), and Ulmus (Elm)

Return to table note a  referrer

Table 2. From regulated areas within the regulated States in U.S. to Canada
Regulated article Import permit Phytosanitary certificate Additional declaration required on phytosanitary certificate Comments
Host generaTable Note b wood/bark chips No Yes The wood/bark chips in this shipment are 1.5 cm or less in size in 2 dimensions.
Host generaTable Note b dried branches, ≤ 1.5 cm in diameter No Yes The dried branches in this shipment are 1.5 cm or less in diameter.
Host generaTable Note b and logs and dried branches > 1.5 cm in diameter Import prohibited Import prohibited Import prohibited Import prohibited
Host generaTable Note b lumber, with or without bark No Yes Commodities are treated to attain a minimum temperature of 56°C throughout the profile of the wood (including the core) for a minimum of 30 minutes.
or
This shipment conforms to 7 CFR 301.51, which regulates the movement of plant material from areas regulated for A. glabripennis.
Firewood of all genera Import prohibited Import prohibited Import prohibited Import prohibited
Other host generaTable Note b commodities Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details.

Table Note

Table note b

Host Genera = Acer (Maple), Aesculus (Horsechestnut), Albizia (White Silk), Betula (Birch), Celtis (Hackberry), Cercidiphyllum (Katsura), Koelreuteria (Goldenrain Tree), Platanus (Plane or Sycamore), Populus (Poplar), Salix (Willow), Sorbus (Mountain Ash), and Ulmus (Elm)

Return to table note b  referrer

Table 3. From non-regulated areas within the regulated States in U.S. to Canada
Regulated article Import permit Phytosanitary certificate Additional declaration required on phytosanitary certificate Comments
Host generaTable Note c wood/bark chips No No  
Host generaTable Note c dried branches, all sizes No No  
Host generaTable Note c logs No No    
Host generaTable Note c lumber, with or without bark No No  
Firewood of all genera Yes Yes   A certificate of origin may be accepted in lieu of the phytosanitary certificate in some situations. Please see D-01-12 for additional information.
Other host generaTable Note c commodities Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details. Other commodities will be assessed case by case, based on phytosanitary risk. Contact CFIA for further details.

Table Note

Table note c

Host Genera = Acer (Maple), Aesculus (Horsechestnut), Albizia (White Silk), Betula (Birch), Celtis (Hackberry), Cercidiphyllum (Katsura), Koelreuteria (Goldenrain Tree), Platanus (Plane or Sycamore), Populus (Poplar), Salix (Willow), Sorbus (Mountain Ash), and Ulmus (Elm)

Return to table note c  referrer

Appendix 3: CFIA approved disposal methods for non-compliant regulated commodities

The following methods are approved by the CFIA for disposing non-compliant regulated commodities.

Appendix 4: CFIA approved treatment methods for ALHB regulated material

The following methods are approved by CFIA for treating regulated commodities to generate compliant commodities:

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